earticle

영어

History of medieval Nepal covers a long period of 888 years lying between 879 A.D. from the beginning of Nepal samvat to 1769 A.D. i.e. to the conquest of Nepal valley states by Prithvinarayan Shah the king of Gorkha.
The period witnessed several changes in the country. Clash among the members of the ruling family in the center further weakened the country and they lost their hold in the administration experiencing the worst calamity of a civil war. Two new kingdoms i.e. the Khasa kingdom in the west and Simaraungarh kingdom in the south were established by the chieftains Nagraja and Nanyadeva independent from Nepal. And, the center came
to known as proper Nepal or the Nepal Mandala. In order to get their strong hold in the administration the rivalry groups among the members of the ruling family seek help from the neighboring kings providing them opportunities to invade Nepal repeatedely. But, the Muslim invasion under Sultan Shamsuddin in 470 was the worst one. They plundered the country and burnt the three cities of the valley into ashes. Similarly, natural calamities like droughts, floods, snowfalls, thunder storms and the earthquakes caused the loss of innumerable lives. It is described that in the earthquake of N.S. 375 one third of the people along with the king Abhaya Malla was killed. To save themselves from these natural disasters it is believed that many Buddhist scholars left the place along with their belongings.
Another major event of the period that affected the history of Buddhism was the visit of Shankaracharya. During his stay in Nepal he is said to have challenged the Buddhists and defeated them in debates. He forced
the monks and nuns residing in the vihars marry and spend a household life. It is believed that he burnt many Buddhist texts, dismantled the caityas of the vihars. And, the Hindunization policy of Sthiti Malla finally
stopped the spread of Buddhism at home and abroad. Besides these upheavals how Buddhism survived during the period will be interesting to look at. An attempt is therefore made here to introduce with some Buddhist Practices of medieval Nepal Mandal about what the Dharma practitioners in Asia seem to be less aware of and see whether this mode of existence can be helpful in blending towards globalization for preservation and promotion of Buddhist tradition in Asian countries.

한국어

불교의 가르침이 전해질 때 그의 문화도 함께 전해진다는 것이 공통적인 믿음이다. 역사적으로 봤을 때도 불교를 종교로만 받아들이지 않고 문명과 문화로 받아들인 것으로 보인다. 그래서 불교는 새로운 전통으로서 아시아 각국에서 자기만의 다양한 색깔과 자연에 따라 사회의 격변과 수정 속에 조금씩 변화해 왔다. 그러나 불교전통은 아직도 본래 그대로 부처님의 가르침과 기본적인 것을 지켜오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 특히 중세 네팔의 불교 수행을 소개하고자 한다.