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영어

Generally Esoteric Buddhism expresses the action of Buddha and Bodhisattva through a ceremony and also expresses the vac, citta and karma of Acarya through a ceremony. In Esoteric Buddhism a ceremony can be considered as a practicing sermon of Buddha and Bodhisattva and Acarya.
Therefore, from the past they said "Esoteric Buddhism can not deliver the perfect Dharma if it isn't provided with both doctrine(theory) and ceremony(action)". We call it 'having both action and doctrine'. Esoteric Buddhism of this form was spread to various places and was developed with local specific character. It was developed based on the natural features and on the historical background of the region. Although Esoteric Buddhism of Japan and Korea share the historical tradition only Esoteric Buddhism of Japan preserves the tradition and Esoteric Buddhism of Korea was developed into another shape under the influence of Tibet and Mongol.
Besides the tradition was not preserved perfectly but was passed on only in pieces of contents. At the age of modern times Jingak Buddhist order was established and with that Esoteric Buddhistic way of new shape was presented.
In this study the relation of Esoteric Buddhism of Korea and Esoteric Buddhism of Japan with Nepal Esoteric Buddhism will be looked into by examining the form of the ceremony of Esoteric Buddhism of Korea before the new way of Jingak Buddhist order was presented in Korea and the real state of Esoteric Buddhism of Japan which authentically inherited the tradition of Esoteric Buddhism in Northeast Asia.
However examining the whole Esoteric Buddhistic ceremony of the regions is not that simple, so I will roughly examine the contents focusing on Korean Esoteric Buddhism Vidhi, Japanese Jyuhatsidosidai krama and Gurū maṇdala puja. Because Esoteric Buddhism of Japan , Korea and Nepal were different in the route of spread, age and historical background we can say there is hardly any contents they have in common. Therefore rather than comparing Esoteric Buddhistic ceremonies of them I will find a similarity about the process of the development of the external procedures and find the meaning of it.
The structure and the distinguishing characteristics of system of the ceremony. The first ceremony in all cases of the vidhāna is viśuddhavidhāna.
Viśuddhavidhāna means doing viśuddha of Acarya oneself, viśuddha of maṇdala and viśuddha of bali. The way of doing this is different in each regions but the purpose of it is the same.
Here we will examine the contents of Esoteric Buddhism Vidhi which has been handed down in Korea, Jyuhatsidosidaikrama in Shingon Esoteric Buddhism in Japan and viśuddhavidhāna in Gurū maṇdala puja in Nepal.