earticle

영어

This research discussed the musical basis on which hyang-ga(鄕歌) was formed. The discussion has been developed centering on the music of ancient times and the period of the Three Kingdoms. The following is an abstract of the discussion. The origin of hyang-ga has been discussed in relevance to music during ancient times. A common belief is that the origin or beginning of art can be found in ballad dance. Likewise, it can be assumed that the origin of hyang-ga is also found in ballad dance. Based on records of ｢Dongi-jeon｣(東夷傳) in Jin-Su’s 󰡔Samguk-ji󰡕(三國志), it can be presumed that during ancient times Koreans created and enjoyed singing and dancing in their lives or through mass gatherings in the kingdom like ‘Young-Go’(迎鼓), ‘Dong-Meng’(東盟), or ‘Mo-Chun’(舞天). Already during ancient times, song, music, and dancing were put together and the base for hyang-ga to develop was set. Goguryeo(高句麗) was the first to develop music among the Three Kingdoms. Foreign music from the neighboring continent was introduced into Goguryeo before Baekje(百濟) or Shilla(新羅). Also, their musical culture was richer than the other two kingdoms and they were actively involved in musical activities in China. The trace, however, linking Goguryeo’s music to the forming of hyang-ga cannot be found though it seems to have provided grounding. Due to lack of information regarding the music enjoyed in Baekje, it is difficult to examine what the actual state was like. Yet, through glimpses allowed by documents, it is assumable that Baekje possessed a higher level of musical culture than Shilla did. In Japan, Baekje showed more active involvement in musical activities than Shilla or Goguryeo. An assumption has been made that Baekje’s music has considerably contributed to the forming of hyang-ga, both directly and indirectly. The fact that (薯童謠), the oldest of the hyang-ga remaining, comes from Baekje is a supporting evidence to the assumption. While Shilla was late in being introduced to foreign music compared to Goguryeo or Baekje, they possessed various types of music full of local color handed down from ancient times. Shilla’s music was enriched especially by the introduction of Dangak(唐樂) and Buddhist music. After unification of the Three Kingdoms and integration of each culture, the ground was set for music to splendidly develop hence giving way for hyang-ga to unfold. In conclusion, clearly the development, expansion and growth of hyang-ga were based on Silla’s music, yet the music of Goguryeo and Baekje were also important contributing factors. Especially the music of Baekje played an important role during the formative process of hyang-ga. This brings up the need to place more weight on the music of Baekje in this discussion of hyang-ga.