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We investigated V-2 constructions in Old English within the theory of Minimalist Program. The derivation of V-2 word order by Phase in OE is triggered by the checking of Agree feature in C against an XP element and the resultant XP movement to the sentence initial position where it performs the grammatical function of focalization. As the external motivation of XP-raising to the CP-spec in a V-2 construction, we propose a focus feature [+F] that owns an uninterpretable EPP-feature of OCC as its subfeature in C. The Agree of feature between the XP that has to move to the CP-spec in narrow syntax and the [+F]-feature in C that must be lexicalized by the tense verb within the phonological component. This syntactic operation is carried out through internal Merge so as to satisfy the C-I system that should manifest discourse-related semantic Property of V-2 constructions.
The syntactic evidence that a displaced XP manifests the grammatical function of localization in the CP-spec, not that of topicalization, is proved by the incompatibility with a wh-fronting or a negative inversion in the same sentence. As the [+wh]-feature is checked in the head C of an open sentence, so is the [+F]-feature checked in the head of C of a focalized structure.
A representative type of verbs that can occur in V-2 constructions involve unaccusative and passive verbs including some unergatives. This class of verbs has the underlying argument structure in which v, not v* selects defective VP with φ-incomplete as its complement.