원문정보
초록
영어
This study will attempt to clarify the impact of two pharmaceuticals (i.e. verapamil,
tramadol) and two pesticides (i.e., glyphosate, methidathion) on non-target organism in
aquatic environment. We investigated the toxic effects of these chemicals on physiological
responses such as viability, growth, and reproduction as well as molecular responses such as
gene expression in water flea, Daphnia magna. Through RT-PCR, the expression of five
genes selected as representative biomarkers such as Arnt, Vtg, CYP4, CYP314 and Dhb was
analyzed in D. magna exposedto hazardous materials. Our results showed that the
expression of these genes in D. magna were significantly down-regulated in response to
pesticides. Among five examined genes, Cyp4 and Cyp314 genes, expressed differently in
exposure of glyphosate and methidathion, respectively. This revealed that these two genes
could be considered as potential biomarkers. Unlike pesticides, pharmaceuticals did not
significantly affect on gene expression in D. magna in short-time exposure, but inhibited the
expression of Vtg gene, a biomarker of animal reproduction, after 21d exposure. In addition,
total number of D. magna neonates decreased strongly in the chronic toxicity test by both
kinds of pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this study suggests that these pharmaceuticals and
pesticides have distinguishable toxic modes between them. While the pesticides cause
molecular damages such as significantly reduced of five genes, the pharmaceuticals lead to
a chronic toxicity; not the effect of gene expression caused by acute exposure.