earticle

영어

Biosensor technologies have been rapidly developed in the past several decades as multidisciplinary efforts to meet the needs for rapid detection of biological and chemical agents. A biosensor basically consists of a biosensing material and a transducer and can be used for specific detection of one or multiple analytes. Biosensing materials, including enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acid probes, aptamers, phages, cells, tissues, and organelles, are able to selectively recognize target analytes, and transducers, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, thermal, and magnetic devices, can quantitatively monitor biochemical reactions and convert them into electronic signals. In recent years, biosensor technologies have been integrated with nanomaterials/nanostructures, micro/nanoelectromechanical systems and biotechnology for rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in‐field, on‐line or real‐time detection of pesticides, antibiotics, bacteria, viruses, toxins, proteins, odors, chemicals, and more in plants, animals, foods, soil, air, and water. Enzyme, ntibody and cell‐based biosensors with amperometric, potentiometric, absorption, and fluorescent transducing methods have been developed for detection of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides used in agriculture and environment. The detection of pesticide and antibiotic residues in food and environmental samples has been intensively investigated using electrochemical enzymatic, SPR, and bio/chemiluminescence biosensors. Antibody DNA/RNA probe, aptamer and phage‐based electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric biosensors have been specifically studied for quantitative detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in plants, animals, foods and environment. Biosensor technologies are still facing with great challenges in improving their sensitivity, high throughput capacity, and multiplex measurement. Biosensors also need to be coupled with new techniques of sample preparation or pretreatment, such as magnetic separation, to make uccessful technology transfer in commercialization. With their abilities and unique features for in‐field, low cost and rapid detection of biological and chemical agents in a complex background, biosensor technologies have shown their great potential for road applications in the areas of agriculture, food and environment.