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A Critique of the Cultural Philistine in Early Nietzsche's Thought B. T. Yoon (Yonsei University) While Nietzsche's Unzeitgemäße Betrachtungen - Erstes Stück: David Strauss, der Bekenner und der Schriftsteller, 1873, includes his critique of David Strauss' optimism as a mode of the cultural philistine and his mode of description, Nietzsche's Unzeitgemäße Betrachtungen - Drittes Stück: Schopenhauer als Erzieher, 1874, focuses on his evaluation of Schopenhauer's existential conception of man as its alternative. Especially, Nietzsche argues that scholars and philosophers are responsible for the vulgar culture of the era in the Unzeitgemäße Betrachtungen - Drittes Stück: Schopenhauer als Erzieher, 1874. In dealing with Schopenhauer as an educator, he also suggests Schopenhauer's life and attitude as an exemplar of true culture and education. This paper aims first to analyze the philistinism of scholars and philosophers as the ruling class of the culture of the era in Nietzsche's thought before 1875, and secondly to summarize his understanding of the historical conception of man for the conquest of the era and its summit, Schopenhauer's existential conception.