earticle

영어

There are two main parts in this article. First, the period of “prepare to constitute” contradictions inner the ethnic relations. Second, the period of Xuantong(宣統), the political struggle of the inner part group of government. About the ethnic relations and the bureaucracy reformation in the late Qing Dynasty, Duan Fang(端方) and Yuan Shi-kai(袁世凱) were very important officials. In the late Qing Dynasty, with the intensification of contradictions between Manchu and Han race, “anti-Manchu”(排滿) was the slogan of the revolutionaries for winning the support of the public opinion. Fully recognizing the serious harm existing in these contradictions, Duan Fang and Yuan Shi-kai, as very important officials with the revolutionary thought in the late Qing Dynasty, made contributions to the national unity by putting forward the systematic suggestions in order to “eliminate differences between Manchus and Han”(平滿漢畛域). And the bureaucracy reformation inevitably gave rise to complex contradiction, conflict and antithesis among all political forces because it related to not only the redistribution of power but also all officials immediate interest.