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Production of bioethanol for use as an alternative fuel has been extensively growing due to the increasing demand for energy resources. Distillery wastewater refers to the effluent generated from alcohol distilleries and its volume is about 10 times of produced ethanol. This effluent is in the temperature range of 70-80 0C and extremely high concentration of organic materials. A thermophilic mediator-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed for continuous electricity
production while treating this waste water. The power density of about 70 mW/m2 was generated continuously while about 60% if COD was removal. Several limiting factors which involve in cathodic reaction, anodic reaction and membrane fouling were examined. Using buffer as
catholyte and increasing flowrate increased the current generation. The strength and feeding rate of distillery wastewater to anode strongly affected to the efficiency of reactor. The addition of methanogen inhibitor into the wastewater inhibited the methane fermentation which is popular in thermophilic reactor and consequently increasing the coloumbic efficiency of MFC. These results showed that distillery wastewater can be effectively treated using thermophilic MFCs.