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The purpose of this lecture is to overview the current cellular products and their manufacturing process. Recently, stem cell therapies are considered to be a promising platform for cell and gene therapy for a variety of diseases. However, maintenance of the multipotency and
self-renewal expansion of stem cells in vitro are the most difficult operations and essential factors for the clinical application of the stem cells into various patients. Unlike the production of biopharmaceuticals, the cultivation process of stem cells is relevant to the design of
bioreactors. Because final products are not proteins but stem cells, accurate characterization of the final products should be performed and also regulatory systems of the cultivation should be developed. After all, novel bioreactors will be needed for the consistent production of stem cells with multidisciplinary systems.