원문정보
A Study on the Change of the Premodern International Relations of Japan in the Light of the Premodern Advance of the Western Europe
초록
영어
This article illustrates what control and foreign relations premodern Japan had in East Asia's international relations by focusing on the change of the international relations of premodern Japan caused by the advance of West Europe and examining the reason of the West Europe's advance, the Japan's countermeasure and the process dealing with the foreign affairs. Portugal and Spain, which had led the Great Cruise Era, come to East Asia for trade and mission, and succeeded in the establishment of many important bases for trading by violently participating in the then existing Asian trade network. The early 17C, however, saw the change of the leaders of the advance of the West from the above two nations to England and the Netherlands. That was partly because Japan prevented the missionary works, which, in turn, changed the trade structure. That is, Portugal and Spain were positively engaged in the missionary works as well as trading, and the then shogunate government excluded trading with the two nations for prevention of the mission. In the other hand, the Netherlands won the trading war against England, which disclosed her commercial center in Japan in 1623, and monopolized trading with Japan. This phenomenon was also because the Netherlands had put mission under a taboo and only focused on the trading. As a result, this reflection of the reality brought the severance of relations with Spain in 1620 and with Portugal in 1639, which, in turn, resulted in the change of international relations and diplomatic network of Japan. At last, 'Sakoku Policy' emerged as the basic foundation of international relations of premodern Japan, where Japan set 'four diplomatic windows' as a control of foreign affairs, and only through the four windows, the country kept relations with East Asia's countries and West European countries.
일본어
本稿は西ヨーロッパ世界の進出による前近代日本の国際関係の変化に焦点を合わせて、西ヨーロッパ世界の日本進出の意図や日本の対応方式、外交の処理過程などを糾明し、果して近世日本が東アジア国際関係においてどのような統制と外交関係を設定していたかを明らかにしたものである。大航海時代を導いていたポルトガルとスペインの東アジア進出は貿易とキリスト教の布教を両立させて推進されており、両国はともに既存のアジアの交易ネットワークに暴力的に参入して多数の交易拠点を構築することに成功したが、17世紀初頭を境目にしてイギリスとオランダに入れ替えられた。ここには日本のキリスト教禁制という統制政策とそれに伴った貿易構造の変化が存在する。すなわち、ポルトガルとスペインは貿易だけでなく、布教活動も積極的に行なっていたので幕府によって排除され始めたのである。一方、イギリスもオランダとの貿易競争で敗退して1623年には日本商館を閉鎖するようになり、オランダによる日本貿易の独占という現象が発生したが、これもまたオランダが布教活動を行なわず、貿易にだけ重点を置いた結果でもあった。結局、このような現実の反映が1620年スペインとの断交、1639年ポルトガルとの断交につながった。この変化は日本の国際関係及び外交ネットワークの設定にも変化をもたらし、近世日本のいわゆる「鎖国政策」が国際関係設定の基本的な立場として定着されていった。この政策の実現が近世日本の対外統制策としての「四つの口」という外交窓口の設定だったのであり、こちらを通してのみ東アジア諸国、ひいてはヨーロッパ世界との関係が維持されたのである。
목차
II. 서유럽 세계의 동아시아 진출
1. 포르투갈의 동남아시아 진출과 교역
2. 네덜란드(VOC)의 진출과 바타비아 건설
III. 織豊期의 서유럽의 일본 진출과 금교정책
1. 포르투갈과 스페인의 일본 진출
2. 豊臣秀吉의 ‘伴天連 추방령’과 금교정책
IV. 江戶幕府의 서유럽 관계 변화
1. 네덜란드와 영구의 일본 진출
V. 江戶幕府의 서유럽 통제와 외교 설정
1. 막부의 국제관계 통제와 설정 - 鎖國ㆍ海禁政策
2. 막부의 대외창구 설정과 국제관계 변화
VI. 맺음말
參考文獻
要旨