earticle

영어

This paper aims to show the trends, outlines and prospect of the reform of educational administration in Japan after 1990’s. The reform of educational administration has been developed as a part of the reform of overall social implementation systems in Japan with decentralization, deregulation, disclosure and participation based on the change of the international circumstances by the collapse of East-West confrontation around 1990. This paper also has shown the characteristics and problems of this reform by the analysis of the following five matters; the characteristics of this reform as decentralization, the reform of the board of education system, the reform of school management, the reform of teachers system and the maintenance of educational budget. As to the future reform of educational administration in Japan, it has been pointed out that the following four matters would be important; 1. To change the aim of the public education itself to “the formation of autonomous citizen in the civil society”according to the change of the relation between nation and people. 2. To complete the reform of decentralization with changing the unit of the local educational administration and setting up autonomous school management. 3. To strengthen the functions of board of education by setting up public elected system. 4. To make the teachers system simply by changing the appoint system and the national subsidy system of teachers salary in compulsory schools.

일본어

本論は、１９９０年代以降、現在に至る日本における教育行政改革について、その動向と概要、今後の展望を明らかにするものである。教育行政改革は、１９９０年前後の東西対立の瓦解という国際情勢の転換を受け、地方分権、規制緩和、情報公開そして参加を機軸とする日本の社会運営システムの改革の一環として展開されてきた。この展開について、地方分権改革としての性格、教育委員会制度改革、学校経営改革、教員制度改革、教育財源の確保、の５点から分析し、その特徴と問題を明らかにした。そして今後の日本の教育行政改革がどのように展開されるべきかについて、次の４点を指摘した。１．国家―国民関係の変容を踏まえ、公教育そのものの目的を「市民社会における自律的市民形成」に転換すること、２．地方分権を徹底し、地方教育行政単位の見直しと学校経営の自律化を図ること、３．公選制教育委員会により教育委員会の機能強化を図ること、４．教員人事制度、給与負担制度を見直し、義務教育教員制度を簡潔にすること、である。