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Algal biotechnology is drawing increasing interest due to its potential as a source of valuable pharmaceuticals, pigments, carbohydrates, and other fine chemicals. Its application has been extended to the areas of wastewater treatment and agriculture. Recent development in various
algal biotechnology found microalgal mass culture can be a useful solution in treatment of wastewater, fixation of carbon dioxide and production of biofuel. Furthermore, the fact that microalgae can conquer the top three environmental problems in a simultaneous manner is even more exciting. Green house gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere became a serious problem for the whole mankind. The signs of global warming have boosted many researches on
sequestration and removal of CO2. One of the possible solutions is a biological CO2 fixation using the photosynthesis of microalgae. Microalgae have been utilized for several decades for the treatment of municipal and other wastewaters. The removal of heavy metals and/or
residual nutrients from wastewaters, especifically N and P, has also been studied with a variety of processes. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Oil productivity of many microalgae greatly exceeds the
oil producti vity of the best producing oil crops. Approaches for making microalgal biodiesel economically competitive with petrodiesel would be possible in the near future.