earticle

영어

The geographical areas of folk song in Korea have been classified into five. The folk song that has expressed local residents' feeling requires researches on characteristics of Chungcheong-do folk song.Six songs of 'Mozikisori' consist of 4 sound scales such as 'Mi-La-Do-Re' to be same as Menarijo of the scale of folk song, but slow and comfortable musical motif of Chungcheongbuk-do.'Nonmaekisori' of ballad of farmers of Yeongdong-gun Seolkye-ri consists of 'Mi-Sol-La-Si-Re' to be same as Kyemyeonjo of imperial palace music as well as Ujo of Chinese court music. And, 'Nonmaekisori' is same as 'Juldarikisori' of Jangheung, Jeollanam-do as well as 'Geomundo Boating Song' of Geomundo. In such a way, sound structure is same because of geographical factor that Yeongdong-gun lies adjacent to Jeolla-do. The sound construction of Jangdeulduresori of Jeungpyeong-gun is same as that of Maenarijo.Both Jeongseon, Gangwon-do and Chungju-Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do belong to same area of Menarijo. Sad feeling of Menarijo of 'Jeongseon Arirang' has been brought to Chungju where Masuri ballad of farmers is recited, so that melody irregularity has been lessened to reduce sad feeling. 'Monegisori' of Jeungpyeong that is located to be more distant from Gangwon-do has simpler rhythm to add musical factors of folk song of Gyeongsang-do and to produce comfortable and slow feeling of Chungcheong-do, Menarijo of Gangwon-do folk song and powerful musical motif of Gyeongsang-do. Jangdeulduresori has such musical characteristics because Jeungpyeong has good communication with adjacent areas as historical important place of transportation.Arirang series that are recited at Chungcheongbuk-do includes 'Cheongju Arirang' of Jilin Province, China, 'Gangseo Arirang' of Cheongju, 'Batmeneunsori' of Cheongwon-gun, 'Monegisori' of Jeungpyeong-gun and 'Araseong' of Chungju Masuri ballad of farmers, and those songs differ from 'Arirang' of other areas.Other four songs than 'Batmeneunsori' of Cheongwon-gun being similar to 'Boritajaknore' of Gyeongsang-do have Menarijo of Gangwon-do. The rhythm of 'Gangseo Arirang' of Cheongju is similar to that of 'Gyeonggi Arirang', and Saseol of 'Gangseo Arirang' is close to that of 'Jeongseon Arirang'. 'Cheongju Arirang' of Jilin Province has five-eight time to be same as 'Gangwon-do Arirang', and it has same Saseol of refrain as that of 'Gyeonggi Arirang'. 'Araseong' of Chungju is similar to 'Jeongseon Arirang' the most and has gentle irregularity of rhythm to have slower musical motif. 'Monegisori' of Jeungpyeong-gun has added strong intonation of Gyeongsang-do. Chungcheongbuk-do is located at inland at center of the Korean Peninsula to be adjacent with some provinces. The ballads of farmers of Chungcheongbuk-do have similarity with folk songs of adjacent provinces because of the geographical conditions. The ballards of farmers of Cheongju and Cheongwon are similar to those of Gyeonggi-do, and the ballards of Jeungpyeong-gun and Miwon-myeon are similar to those of Gyeongsang-do, and the ballards of Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-gun are similar to those of Jeolla-do. The ballards of farmers of Chungcheongbuk-do have complex aspects from point of view of music, and they commonly express comfortable and slow emotion of residents of Chungcheongbuk-do. The ballards of farmers include all of musical factors of Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Gyeongsang-do and Jeolla-do songs and produce characteristics of the Chungcheongbuk-do.The musical factors of ballards of farmers of Chungcheongbuk-do have close relations with natural environment as well as liberal arts and social conditions.Historically, Chungcheongbuk-do was borderland of the three kingdoms in the era of the Three Kingdoms so that wars occurred frequently. Therefore, the culture of the three kingdoms was mixed in the area to produce special conditions. Chungcheongbuk-do is geographically located at the middle and south of the Korean Peninsula to play role of important transportation route. In particular, Chungju played role of propagation base of the Goguryeo culture as well as propagation route of the Buddhism, and it had regional characteristics of contact point of politics, economy and culture that the culture of the three kingdoms was exchanged. Chungcheongbuk-do has various kinds of musical factors of neighboring provinces.The characteristics can be also found at Chungcheongbuk-do's dialect. Chungcheongbuk-do's sub-dialect area can be divided into three areas, that is to say, 'the northern dialect area' and 'the southern dialect area' and 'the middle dialect area'. The classification largely coincides with geographical division that the ballards of farmers of the province may vary depending upon musical characteristics: Therefore, dialects and ballards of farmers have characteristics of same cultural areas.The language may make change depending upon natural features and disposition to have difference of living habits and tastes of food, clothing and shelters of local residents. The shape of music that the residents enjoy may vary. The dialect contains thought and emotion of Chungcheongbuk-do's residents. The ballards of farmers have long extended sound and express melody having gentle irregularity to feel comfortableness and safety and to be similar to usage of Chungcheongbuk-do's dialect. Such a thing evidences that the emotion of local residents who have produced Chungcheong-do dialect shall be originally same as the feeling that expresses ballards of farmers of Chungcheongbuk-do.The nation was included in cultural area of Chinese characters from beginning to be influenced by the Confucianism. Under such a social environment, ballards of farmers express the Confucian ideas. The story of ballards of farmers includes the thought of loyalty and filial piety, the thought of the Five Element school, the thought of all is vanity of the Buddhism and emotion of lamentation, etc.

한국어

충북의 농요가 주위의 인접한 도의 음악적 요소를 수용하면서도 자신들만의 음악을 만들어내고 있는 것은 충북도민의 기질적 특성과 문화적 성향에 의한 것으로 볼 수 있다.우리나라는 지역에 따라 상이한 사투리가 사용되고 있고, 또한 기질도 서로 다르다. 인문지리학에서는 풍토에 따라 말이 달라지고, 말이 다르면 기질도 다르다고 한다. 말과 기질이 다르면 지역민들의 전반적인 의식주 생활습관과 취향에 차이가 생기고, 그에 따라 그들이 노래하고 즐기는 음악도 자연스럽게 다르게 마련이며, 그들만의 정형화된 음악이 형성된다. 충북지역에서 전승되고 있는 여러 가지 농요의 선율을 분석연구 함으로써 음악적 특징을 추출하고, 충북의 인문사회적인 면에서 농요의 음악적 특징을 조명해 보았다. 그 결과 충북에서 전승되고 있는 농요는 청주 청원지역은 경기도와 유사하고, 증평군과 미원면의 농요는 경상도와, 영동군의 설계리 농요는 전라도 소리와 유사하다. 이와 같이 충북의 농요들은 음악적인 면에서 복합적 양상을 보이고 있지만, 이들은 공통적으로 충북도민의 여유있고 유장한 정서를 표현하고 있다. 경기도와 강원도, 경상도, 전라도 소리의 음악적 요소를 모두 포함하고 있으면서도 충북 농요만의 특징을 만들어내고 있는 점이 주목된다. 충북농요에서 표현되고 있는 특징적인 음악요소들은 주위의 자연환경과 사회의 전반적인 인문 사회적 조건과 밀접한 연관성을 가지고 있다. 충북지역은 삼국시대 때부터 삼국의 문화가 상호 교류한 정치․경제․문화의 접점으로서의 지역적 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한 충북의 하위방언권은 북부지역 방언권과 남부 방언권, 그리고 중부 방언권의 세 개의 권역으로 나눌 수 있다. 이와 같은 구분은 충북의 농요가 음악적 특징에 따라 지역별로 구분되는 것과 유사하다. 동북부지역인 충주의 마수리 농요, 경상도와 인접한 동남부지역의 증평의 장뜰두레소리, 그리고 서남부지역의 영동군 설계리 농요, 경기도와 가까운 서북부지역인 청주 청원의 <아리랑>으로 충북의 농요권을 구분할 수 있다. 이렇듯 하위 방언권과 농요의 특징에 따른 지역적 구분은 대략적으로 일치하고 있는데, 이로서 방언과 농요가 동일한 문화권의 특징을 가지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 충북의 각 지역의 농요들은 인접한 지역의 음악적 요소를 공유하고 있어서 제각기 상이한 특징을 보이고 있으면서도 청풍명월로 표현되는 충북인의 여유롭고 유장한 기질을 공통적으로 가지고 있다. 또한 ‘충청도 양반’으로도 표현되는 충북인의 기질은 언행이 양반처럼 점잖고 체면을 중시하는 충청도민의 성품을 나타낸 말로서 충청도 사람의 온후하고 명랑하며, 안일하고 평온한 모습을 함축적으로 나타낸 말이다. 이와 같은 기질적 특성은 충북의 각 지역에서 불리는 여러 가지 농요에서 공통적으로 느낄 수 있는 악상이다.