earticle

영어

The purpose of this study was to develop the lesson plan of the invention hand on activity for the middle school students by the structured level of the problem. This study was conducted by the following phases: preparation, development, and improvement. In the preparation phase, the invention education content was analyzed. In the development phase, the following steps were practiced; ①setting up the goal of the invention hand on activity, ②selecting and developing the invention lesson tasks, ③designing the invention teaching model, and ④making the lesson plan for the invention. In the improvement phase, ①the validity testing by experts, ②the preliminary and field tests by students were carried out. According to these, outcomes of the study are as follows. First, the lesson plan of the invention hand on activity for the middle school students by the structured level of the problem can be a helpful teaching material for the invention education teachers and the middle school students to improve their problem-solving capacity in doing the invention activity. Second, in this study, the following lesson plans were developed: 'making a solar car' as a structured problem, 'making a pictogram' as a semi-structured problem, and 'making inventions' as an ill-structured problem. Lastly, in the lesson plan of the invention hand on activity, cooperative learning and discussion were applied from the strategic point of view. And the lesson plan was based on the problem-solving process from the view point of the process, and it was divided by teachers' and students' materials from the view point of content. Teachers' materials include the topic of the invention hand on activity, the reading contents before instruction, an outline, the instructional objectives by invention hand on activity process, essential activity by instructional process, materials, tools & equipments, the design brief, reference materials, an evaluation table, and the detailed lesson plan. Students' materials generally include instructional objectives, the matters to be attended to, the invention phases one step activity sheets, the invention phases two step activity sheets, the invention phases three step activity sheets, and the invention phases four step activity sheets.

한국어

문제의 구조화 수준에 따른 중학생용 발명 체험 활동 수업과정안을 개발하기 위한 연구로서 준비 단계에서는 ① 발명 체험 활동 목표 설정, ② 발명 교육 내용을 분석하였고, 개발 단계에서는 ① 발명 수업 과제 선정 및 개발, ② 발명 수업 모형 설계, ③ 발명 수업과정안 설계를 실시하였으며, 개선 단계에서는 ① 전문가에 의한 타당도 검증, ② 학생들에 의한 예비 시험과 현장 시험을 실행하였다. 이에 따른 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제의 구조화 수준에 따른 중학생용 발명 체험 활동 수업과정안은 중학교 발명 교육 담당 교사와 학생들이 문제 해결 능력을 기를 수 있도록 도움을 주는 수업자료이다. 둘째, 개발된 수업과정안은 구조화된 문제로서 ‘태양광 자동차 만들기’, 반구조화된 과제로서 ‘픽토그램 만들기’, 비구조화된 과제로서 ‘발명품 만들기’이다. 셋째, 발명 체험 활동 수업과정안은 전략적인 관점에서 협동학습과 토의학습을 적용하고, 과정적인 관점에서 문제 해결 과정에 기초하며, 내용적인 관점에서는 교사용 자료와 학생용 자료로 구분하였다. 교사용 자료로는 발명 체험 활동 제목명, 수업 전 읽어볼 내용, 개요, 과정별 수업 목표, 수업 과정별 주요 활동, 재료, 공구 및 시설, 설계 개요, 참고 자료, 평가표, 세부 수업과정안 등으로 구성하였으며 학생용 자료는 수업목표, 유의사항, 발명 과정 1단계 활동지, 발명 과정 2단계 활동지, 발명 과정 3단계 활동지, 발명 과정 4단계 활동지 등으로 구성하였다.