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영어

This treatise deals with the way the culture of Korea concerned with the totem pole was diffused to Japan. Especially, through the close relation between Paekche and Japan, it tracks down the source of the present Japanese totem pole religion.
There are about 660 holy shrines of Great Generals in Japan now. The diffused areas of them are unevenly distributed in partial areas like Kinki and Kyushyu mainly. The totem pole religion of Korea is transmitted in about 611 areas now, and 74% of all the totem poles are chiefly discovered in Chunnam, Chungnam, Kyonggi, and the western areas of Chunbuk. In particular, historically, they centralize in the past land of Paekche like Chungchong and Chunla area.
According to historical records, Paekche interchanged people with Japan since around 3rd to 4th century, and deliver Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist statues, almanacs, astronomical books, horses, and so on. In addition to the previous interchange, Japan went to the rescue of Paekche when Paekche was attacked by the allied army of Shinla and Tang, and about three thousands people of Paekche settled down in Japan after the fall of Paekche. The displaced persons of Paekche improved Japanese civilization, and was appointed the principal responsibilities of the government. Especially, among the imported family name of ancient Japan, the number of Paekche-oriented family name accounts for two-thirds of all, and it overwhelms the number of Shinla-oriented or Kokuryo-oriented.
With the holy shrine of Great Generals of Japan, it has close relations with that of Paekche. In case of the holy shrine of Great General Seo-Ha-Moo built in the early seventh century, the principal god is a woman of Paekche, and a tutelary deity, who defends the northern area of the palace. In addition, the holy shrine of 8 Great Generals, which was built in the late 8th century, deifies the 8 Great Generals of Taoism imported from Korea, and primarily protects against evils. The statues of gods in the holy shrine hold swords in their right hands, and the images of them are similar to that of Whangdori, Dangjinkun, Chungnam. In a way, the holy shrine of Great General Samjo(三條) in Kyoto is Shinla-oriented in the name of the major god, and the god is originally the cow-head god who descended from the heaven, expanded the land, and drove away large snakes or gods.
In another hand, the Emperor KanMoo(桓武王), who moved the above-mentioned holy shrine or built it himself, was the great grandson of the Emperor Tenji(天智王) who went to the rescue of Paekche at the time of the fall of the dynasty. His mother was Paekche-oriented, and in his childhood he was brought up in the house of his mother's parents. And also he made the previous holy shrine of Great General the guardian god of the palace.
In the end, the religion of Japanese totem pole was handed down in sixth to seventh century by Paekche-oriented people, and later settled by the Emperor KanMoo(桓武王). And now this religion is handed down disproportionately in the place where Paekche-oriented people mainly live. Especially, the totem pole religion of Korea is chiefly transmitted in the areas of ancient Paekche. Therefore, it can be said that this religion of Japan was transmitted from ancient Paekche.