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Purpose: Currently lung cancer ranks second in cancer for incidence rate and is a disease that ranks first for a deathrate by cancerous growth because it is already advanced at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to ana-lyze the factors that affect the effectiveness of and rash occurrence by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor TyrosineKinase Inhibitor (EGFR TKI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 100patients, who took EGFR TKI (erlotinib, gefitinib) among patients who were diagnosed with non-small cell lung can-cer in a Hospital in Korea between May 2005 and February 2008, was conducted. The drug effectiveness was evalu-ated by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor. Results: EGFR mutation was the only factor associated with drugresponse (complete response and partial response). When stable disease was added to drug response as the evaluationparameter, ECOG and rash as well as EGFR mutation were found to be important factors. Survival, however, was notaffected by EGFR mutation. The factors influenced on survival were older age (≥65), low ECOG (1~2), adenocarci-noma and rash. In the case of rash, group with EGFR mutation or low ECOG showed significantly higher chance ofoccurrence. There was no significant difference in rash occurrence between gefitinib and erlotinib groups. Conclusions:Based on the results, EGFR mutation positive and low ECOG (1~2) were significantly important factors for both effec-tiveness of EGFR TKI and rash occurrence. Also, rash itself was found to be an independently significant factor for thedisease control and survival. Therefore, while administering EGFR TKI, patients who have the factors associated withrash occurrence should be closely monitored for effective and safe drug therapy.