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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing Nacetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. It is generally known that digestion of hyaluronic acid with the enzyme hyaluronidase introduce a double bond is formed in terminal group of the hydrolyzed HA.1) In this study hyaluronic acid was hydrolyzed into very low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (oligo HA) by ion exchange resin whithout forming a double bond or occurring ring opening. In order to investigate the potential of oligo HA as a cosmetic ingredient, we measured its cytotoxicity in fibroblast and SIRC cell line, moisturizing effect, and the penetration effect using artificial skin and Caco-2 cell line.2) Oligo HA did not showed any cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 Ag/ml in fibroblast cell but it showed weak proliferation. In vitro ocular test of oligo HA, it showed negligible cytotoxicity up to the 2000 Ag/ml concentration in SIRC cell. In the test of the single and repeated cutaneous applications, oligo HA under occlusive patch did not provoke any cumulative irritation and sensitization.3) Oligo HA at a concentration of 0.01% exhibited a better moisturizing effect than hyaluronic acid at a concentration of 0.01%. In the permeability test using artificial skin and Caco-2 cell line, hyaluronic acid (M.W. 1,100,000) was hardly observed in the down medium of the inserts. On the other hand, Oligo HA (M.W. 5,000) was detected in the down medium up to 14% at 6 hr using Caco-2 cell and the down medium up to 90% at 6hr using artificial skin.4) This result suggests that Oligo HA could be useful as an active ingredient for cosmetics.