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This research builds on the environment-strategy-performance framework, analyses the relationship external environment, strategic orientation and firm performance on high-tech enterprises in Northeast China. The results indicate that dysfunctional competition has positive effect on imitation orientation, but no direct effect on innovation orientation. Dysfunctional competition has a more positive effect on imitation orientation than on innovation orientation. The results also show technological turbulence has a positive effect on innovation orientation and imitation orientation, while technological turbulence has a more positive effect on innovation orientation than on imitation orientation. Furthermore, this research finds innovation orientation and imitation orientation both have positive effect on firm performance, while innovation orientation contributes more to firm performance. These findings indicate that dysfunctional competition and technological turbulence are two crucial environmental forces to adopt innovation orientation and imitation orientation. Innovation orientation and imitation orientation both play important role on firm performance, but in a long run innovation orientation is a better strategic choice.