본 글은 19세기 말~20세기 초 경상남도 합천군을 대표하는 남인 가문인 은진송씨 가문의 항일운동의 흐름과 특성을 파악한 연구이다. 은진송씨 가문은 남명학을 토대로 하여 한주학을 계승하여 자기 가문의 학문 세계를 확립했을 뿐만 아니라, 남명학과 한주학의 실천적 현실 참여 의식을 계승하였다. 이는 1919년에 일어난 독립청원운동에서 잘 드러난다. 당시 「독립청원서」의 서명자 137명 가운데 5명이 은진송씨 가문 출신이다. 그들은 송호기·송재락·송철수·송호완·송호곤으로, 은진송씨 가문의 시대 인식과 항일운동을 잘 보여준다. 「독립청원서」에 서명한 인물들은 모두 은진송씨 충순위공파 후손들이다. 이들은 어려서는 난곡 송희일에게서 배우고, 장성해서는 한주 이진상의 대표적 제자인 주문팔현에 속하는 후산 허유·강재 이승희·면우 곽종석의 문하에서 공부하였으며, 특히 면우 곽종석의 영향을 많이 받았다. 송호완은 을사늑약이 체결되자 스승 곽종석·이승희와 등 300여 명의 유생과 함께 서울에서 을사늑약 무효화를 위한 복합상소운동에 참여하였다. 그는 만국공법에 따른 국권수호운동이 어려움을 깨닫고 최익현·정재규·권운환·송호완 등과 의병전쟁을 계획했으나 실패로 끝났다. 송호곤 역시 「민적법」을 거부하거나, 죽림계를 만들어 경술국치일을 기념하는 등 소극적 형태의 비타협적 항일운동을 이어 나갔다. 송호완·송호곤은 복합상소운동이나 의병전쟁이 좌절된 후 국내에서 적극적으로 항일운동을 펼치기에는 한계가 많음을 파악하고, 주로 은거해 제자를 길러내거나 학문에 매진하면서 독립운동에 참여할 기회를 기다리고 있었다. 1919년 송호기·송재락·송호완·송철수·송호곤은 외교 독립이 가능할 수 있다는 국제 정세를 접하고 스승 곽종석과 긴밀히 연락을 취하면서 독립청원운동에 참여하였다. 1919년 3월 13일부터 3월 18일 사이에 「독립청원서」에 연서하였다. 은진송씨 가문이 복합상소운동·의병전쟁·독립청원운동 등에 참가한 것은 ‘실천 유학’을 중시하던 그들 집안의 학문적 성향과 연관되어 있다.

This study examines the flow and characteristics of the anti-Japanese movement of the Eunjin Song Clan, which represents the Hapcheon County in Gyeongsangnam-do from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The Eunjin Song Clan not only established their own academic world based on Nammyeonghak and Hanjuhak, but also inherited the practical participation consciousness of Nammyeonghak and Hanjuhak. This was evident during the Independence Petition Movement in 1919. Among the 137 signatories of the "Independence Petition," five were from the Eunjin Song Clan. They were Song Hogi, Song Jaerak, Song Cheolsu, Song Howan, and Song Howan, who exemplify the Eunjin Song Clan's era consciousness and anti-Japanese movement. All the individuals who signed the "Independence Petition" are descendants of the Chungsunwi Gongpa branch of the Eunjin Song Clan. In their youth, they learned from Namgok Song Hui-il, and as they grew up, they studied under Jumunpalhyeon's representative disciple, Jumunpalhyeon Jeongmoonpalhyeon, including Husan Heo Yu, Gangjae Lee Seung-hee, and Myeonu Gwak Jong-seok. They were particularly influenced by Myeonu Gwak Jong-seok. When the Eulsa Treaty was signed, Song Howan participated in the complex grassroots movement to invalidate the treaty in Seoul along with his teachers Gwak Jong-seok and Lee Seung-hee, and more than 300 students. He realized the difficulties of the movement for protecting national sovereignty under international law and planned an armed uprising with Choi Ik-hyeon, Jeong Jae-gyu, Kwon Woon-hwan, and Song Howan, but it ended in failure. Song Hogon also continued a passive form of non-collaborative anti-Japanese movement, refusing the "Civil Code" and creating a monument to commemorate the Gyeongjikukchi Day. Song Howan and Song Hogon recognized the limitations of actively engaging in anti-Japanese movements within the country after the failure of the complex grassroots movement and armed uprising. They mainly focused on nurturing disciples in hiding and dedicating themselves to academics while waiting for an opportunity to participate in the independence movement. In 1919, Song Hogi, Song Jaerak, Song Howan, Song Cheolsu, and Song Hogon participated in the Independence Petition Movement, as they learned about the possibility of diplomatic independence through the international situation and maintained close contact with their teacher, Gwak Jong-seok. They became aware of the international situation that made diplomatic independence possible and engaged in the Independence Petition Movement by contacting their teacher Gwak Jong-seok. They joined the movement from March 13th to March 18th, 1919, by signing the "Independence Petition." The participation of the Eunjin Song Clan in the complex grassroots movement, armed uprising, and Independence Petition Movement is associated with the scholarly inclination of their household, which emphasized Practical Confucianism.

Independence Petition Movement, Eunjin Song Clan, Practical Confucianism, Nammyeonghak, Hanjuhak