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본 연구는 Siegler 등이 어린이의 문제해결 전략선택과정을 설명하기 위해 개발한 "聯合分布模型"에 기초하여 전략선택의 개인차를 논의하고자 하였다. 전략선택의 개인차는 연합분포의 첨예성 수준과 신뢰준거의 차이를 반영하며, 이는 구체적으로 지식의 표상과 개인의 동기요인에 의해 영향을 받는다. 개인차 집단에 대한 분석의 결과, 완벽주의자 및 우수아 집단과 부진아 집단간의 차이는 답에 대한 연합강도의 차이를 반영하지만 완벽주의자와 우수아간의 차이는 신뢰준거의 차이를 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과에 기초하여 특히 부진아들에게는 문제해결과정에서 반추전략(back-up strategies)을 정확하게 실행하도록 가르칠 필요가 있음을 제안하였다. 또한 전략선택의 개인차와 숙고적-속응적 인지양식간에 밀접한 관계가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 특히 인지양식이 연합분포 모형의 신뢰준거 설정에 의미있는 영향을 미친다고는 사실을 논의하였다.
The purpose of this study was to discuss the individual differences of strategy choice based on "the distributions -of- associations model" designed by Siegler. Young children who are in a transitional period use multiple strategies such as retrieval and backup strategies(counting all, min, decomposition, guessing) to solve a simple addition problem. When we think that children use multiple strategies, the most important question is how children select particular strategy. Siegler and his associates developed the model to explain children's strategy choice process in problem solving of the variable tasks. According to this model, chldren's strategy choice is decided to the peakedness of distributions of association and the stringency of confidence criterion. Siegler(1988b) divided the individual difference of strategy choice into three groups by Cluster Analysis, which are a good students, a not-so-good students, and a perfectionists. Then, the differences between a not-so-good students and other two groups are interpreted to the peakedness of distributions, and the difference between a perfectionists and a good students to the stringency of confidence criterion. Basing on these interpretations, the individual differences of strategy choice reflect the representation of knowledge about the problem and the personal motivation. This research suggest the followings. 1. Particulary the poor students and young children should be teached the accurate practice of backup strategies, because backup strategy contribute to raise the confidence criterion of personal as well as to high the peckedness of distributions. 2. The relationships between individual differences of strategy choice and the reflectice-impulsive cognitive style should be retested by a many emperical studies. Lastly, the implications for the future research were suggested.
