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중국어 존재문은 정태존재문과 동태존재문으로 구분할 수 있다. 이 둘은‘NL+VP+NP’ 라는 동일한 형식을 가지지만, 의미적으로는 차이점이 있다. 이러한 의미적 차이점에 존재함에도 불구하고, 宋玉柱(1982)가 ‘动态存在句’ 라는 용어를 사용한 후로, 이 둘을 존재문이라는 동일한 범주로 보는 것에 대해 별다른 문제제기 없이 줄곧 宋玉柱(1982)의 관점을 따라 왔다. 이 문제는 구문적 시각을 바탕으로 동태존재문이 정태존재문을 기반으로 형성되었다고설명할 때 해결할 수 있다. 본고는 이 가설을 검증하기 위해 먼저 통시적 관점에서 정태존재문과 동태존재문의 변화 추이를 분석하였다. 말뭉치 자료의 분석 결과, 정태존재문이 동태존재문보다 역사적으로 먼저 출현했음을 확인할수 있었다. 다음으로 Traugott&Trousdale(2013)의 구문변화 개념을 통해 정태존재문에서 동태존재문으로의 확장을 설명하고자 하였다. 구문변화는 한 구문의 내부적 측면에 변화를 주는 변화로서, 형식상의 변화없는 의미상의 변화 혹은 의미상의 변화없는 형식상의 변화이다. 동태존재문은 형식상의 변화없이 의미상의 변화만 있으므로 구문변화로 볼 수 있다. 즉 동태존재문의 출현은 일종의 구문변화이다.
This paper raised a question about a fact that many previous studies acknowledge the dynamics such as ‘天上飞着一只鸟’, but at the same time, this type of sentence is included in the category of existential sentence. And it is assumed that this problem can be solved when explaining that the dynamic existential construction is formed based on the static existential construction. In order to test this hypothesis, we analyzed the changes in the static existential construction and the dynamic existential construction from a diachronic perspective, and tried to explain the expansion from the static existential construction to the dynamic existential construction through constructional changes of Traugott & Trousdale (2013). The results can be summarized as follows. First, if the dynamic existential construction is formed based on the static existential construction, the dynamic existential construction must appear later than the static existential construction in time. As a result of analysis through CCL, the Vzhe-static existential construction appeared in the Song Dynasty and their use increased rapidly in the Ming Dynasty. On the other hand, the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction appeared in part in the Ming Dynasty, and the frequency of appearance increased in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it can be said that the dynamic existential construction appeared later than the static existential construction in time. Second, the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction began to appear in the Ming Dynasty. However, the verbs that make up the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction existed before that. Also, the use for progressive of 'zhe' existed before the Ming Dynasty. From this fact, it can be assumed that the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction began to be used by some innovative language users in the Ming Dynasty. Third, it can be seen that the Vzhe-static existential construction of intransitive verb has served as a bridge from the Vzhe-static existential construction to the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction. This is because the Vzhe-static existential construction of intransitive verb represents static, and at the same time, the intransitive verb was used in the V-zhe existential construction like the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction. Fourth, the appearance of the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction is a kind of constructional change. Fifth, the reason why Chinese native speakers recognize the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction that represent dynamics as existential construction is because the Vzhe-dynamic existential construction are based on Vzhe-static existential construction. Because what the construcion in the form of 'NL+V着+NP' represents is 'being' based on strong statics, so one constructional unit, 'NL+V着+NP', causes a statics or existence for Chinese language speakers. For this reason, Chinese language speakers recognize a sentence like ‘天上飞着一只鸟’ which is dynamic as an existential construction because its dynamics is largely diluted by the internal force of the construction ‘NL+V着 +NP’.
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dynamic existential constructions, static existential constructions, existential constructions, existential sentences, constructional changes
