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The purpose of this case study is to examine the characteristics of data modeling in the scientific research conducted in the university laboratory. The artifacts during the two-year research, such as research plans, presentation materials in the lab seminar, and master's thesis, were used as the main sources and analyzed according to qualitative methods. The results of the study provide the characteristics of data modeling and the discussions its educational implications. First, data modeling gradually shows a complex and dynamic pattern in the relationship between the model of experiment and the theoretical model. Second, phenomena are produced, changed, and stabilized in the data modeling process. Third, through the data modeling, data models gradually acquire status as evidence. The results of the study provide new implications for science education by unfolding the characteristics of data modeling that have not been noticed in science education through scientific research in the laboratory.