초록 열기/닫기 버튼
数字经济时代下,数据已经成为其核心,几乎所有跨境贸易和投资都涉及数据跨境流动,为了促进数字经济健康发展,每个国家都在加快建设自己的数字跨境流动规则,中国也在积极构建自己的数据跨境流动制度体系。在国内法层面,初步构成了以《国家安全法》为核心,以《网络安全法》《数据安全法》）和《个人信息保护法》为主要内容,以行政法规、部门规章等为补充的数据治理法律框架。在国际法层面,中国近年来积极参与并引领全球数字经济治理,谈判并签署了多项含有电子商务专门章节等相关规则的国际经贸协定。总体上来看,中国数据跨境流动法律体系已经基本形成,并呈现出总体国家安全观为指导思想,本地化存储为基本原则,对等制裁为实施措施等特点。 但是,欧美等经济体纷纷试图主导全球数据跨境流动规则的构建,导致全球数据跨境流动规则处于“碎片化”状态。中国考虑到国家数字经济发展需要,有必要借鉴国际规则和经验,围绕数据跨境流动等重大问题探索建立治理规则,从而推动国际合作。同时,为了打破西方国家主导的跨境数据流动国际法话语体系的制度性掣肘,推动跨境数据流动规制的多元开放趋势,提升中国在数据跨境流动国际规则构建过程中的制度话语权,中国有必要推行“中国模式”。 具体来讲,中国应从完善国内法律制度,对标高标准国际规则及以共商共建共享原则推动国际合作三个方面表达中国立场,向全球提供中国经验。首先,从中国数据跨境流动规则现状来看,仅仅初步形成了框架,数据分类分级细则,标准合同条款和数据出境安全认证等诸多措施仍待落实。其次,对标CPTPP、DEPA等高标准数据跨境流动国际规则,有利于将国际成功经验与中国国情结合,形成中国特色法律制度。时机成熟时,通过发布数据跨境流动白皮书的形式,确立中国数据跨境流动模版,向全球表达中国立场。再者,以共商共建共享原则为基本原则,有利于推动国际合作并提升国际话语权。以共商共建共享原则为基本原则,也有利于在国内规则和国际规则协调发展的过程中,寻求更多机会,通过签订双边,多边协议的方式加强国际合作,明确表达中国方案,为中国数据跨境流动规则的主张寻求更多盟友,推动形成“中国模式”。
In the era of digital economy, data has become its core, and almost all cross-border trade and investment involve cross-border data flow. In order to promote the healthy development of digital economy, every country is speeding up the construction of its own digital cross-border flow rules, and the basic framework of China's cross-border data flow system has been formed. However, economic entities such as Europe and America have tried to dominate the construction of global data cross-border flow rules, resulting in the “fragmentation” of global data cross-border flow rules. Considering the development needs of digital economy in China, it is necessary to learn from international rules and experience, and to make an effort to establish governance rules around major issues such as cross-border data flow, so as to promote international cooperation. At the same time, in order to break the institutional constraints of the international law discourse system of cross-border data flow dominated by western countries, to promote the pluralistic opening trend of cross-border data flow regulation, and to enhance China’s institutional discourse power in the process of building international rules of cross-border data flow, it is necessary for China to implement the “China Model”. As a trustworthy and responsible country, under the circumstances that the regulatory framework of cross-border data flow has been formed, China should be guided by Comprehensive National Security Concept, to improve the domestic rule of law by learning useful experience from the process of constantly promoting the coordinated development of domestic rules and international rules； And China should also take the principle of extensive consultations, joint contribution, and shared benefits as the basic principle, to promote international cooperation and enhance the international discourse rights. At the same time, China should seek more opportunities in the process of coordinated development of domestic rules and international rules, strengthen international cooperation by signing bilateral and multilateral agreements. And China should clearly express Chinese solutions, so as to seek more allies for the proposition of China’s cross-border data flow rules, and promote the formation of “China Model”.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Digital economy, Data, Cross-border flow, China Model；power of discourse
