초록 열기/닫기 버튼
필자는 소위 後漢의 ‘창업군주’ 光武帝가 추진한 郡都尉 폐지와 郡縣 통폐합, 봉록 삭감 등의 정책에 주목하여 폐지한 관직의 봉급과 봉록삭감액을 계산하여 光武帝의 官制 改編이 재정문제와 관련 있음을 밝혔다. 皇甫謐의 『帝王世記』에는 구체적인 수치를 제시하지 않았으나 光武帝의 後漢 건국 초 戶口가 前漢 元始 2년 戶口의 20%로 줄었다고 기록하였다. 光武帝는 호구를 늘리는 정책을 실시하여 中元 2년(57) 戶口는 4,271,634戶, 21,007,820人로 늘었다. 그러나 이는 前漢 元始 2년 戶口의 32.3%와 35.5%에 불과하였다. 이러한 호구의 급감은 재정수입의 감소를 뜻하기 때문에 光武帝는 재정지출을 줄여야 했다. 官制와 지방행정제도 개편이 재정지출 감소를 위한 조치였다.
I proved that the Emperor Guangwu’s abolition of commandery defender(duwei), commanderies and prefectures and reduction of official salary was related to financial problems by calculating the salaries and cuts of government posts. Although no specific figures were given in history book called Diwangshiji by Huangfu mi(215 A.D.~282 A.D.), the scholar, doctor and historian in the period of Xi Jin Dynasty, it was recorded that the numbers of households in the founding of the Latter Han decreased to 20% of that of households in 2 A.D., the period of Former Han dynasty. Emperor Guangwu implemented a policy to increase the number of households, and succeeded in increasing numbers to 4,271,634 households, and 21,007,820 persons in 57 A.D.. But it was only 32.3% of households and 35.5% of persons in 2 A.D. This sharp decline in households meant a decline in fiscal revenue, so the Emperor Gwangmu had to reduce fiscal spending. The reorganization of the government post and abolition of local administration systems was a measure to reduce fiscal expenditure. Liao Boyuan, Taiwan scholar, criticized that the Emperor Guangwu’s transfer of the capital from Chang’an to Luoyang lead to no interest in territorial expansion, instead, he took a policy of complacency by removing some commanderies and prefectures of the northern provinces and moving the people to the inland, resulting in the decline of Guanzhong and Liangzhou regions, and frequent rebellion. Though his criticisms are sufficiently valid, the Emperor Gwangmu system could not have taken active foreign policy due to a decrease in households and fiscal income during the first stage of the Latter Han dynasty.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Emperor Guangwu, Reorganization of Official Post and Administrative Organization, Abolition of Commandery Defender(duwei), Abolition of Commanderies and prefectures, Diwangshiji, policy of increasing the households, a fiscal cut in the budget
