초록 열기/닫기 버튼
본고는 사군지 「건치연혁」조에 나타난 유득공의 역사인식 및 그 논리의 특징을 살펴본 글이다. 유득공은 고구려, 옥저, 예가 모두 조선의 땅이었다고 파악하고, 기원전 108년에 이들의 땅에 각각 진번군, 현도군, 임둔군, 낙랑군 등 4군이 설치된 것으로 보았다. 그리고 기원전 82년에 진번군이 현도군에 병합되고 임둔군이 낙랑군에 병합되면서 2군으로 변화하였다고 인식하였다. 이러한 유득공의 한사군 비정에서 나타나는 두드러진 특징은 진번군이 압록강 바깥 흥경 지방에 있었다고 하는 이른바 ‘진번재북설’이다. 그런데 유득공의 학설은 조선 후기 진번재북설을 주장한 다른 학자들과 비교하였을 때, 패수가 한대 이래로 늘 대동강이었다고 한 점에서 차이가 있다. 또한 ‘진번=재북’과 ‘패수=대동강’으로 설정하였을 때 예상되는 반론을 염두에 두고 그에 대한 나름의 설명을 제시하고 있다는 점은 주목할 부분이다. 비록 그가 제시한 한사군의 위치 및 그 변천 과정이 관련 사료들을 충분히 검토하였다고 보기에 미흡한 측면이 있다. 하지만 자신의 입론에 제기될 수 있는 비판을 고려하며 사실 여부를 판단하려고 한 그의 역사 연구 태도는 오늘날 학계에도 시사하는 바가 적지 않다.
Examined in this article is Yu Deuk-gong’s historical view, along with certain characteristics in his reasoning, which we can find from the “History of Installation(Geonchi Yeon’hyeok, 建置沿革)” Chapter of Sagun-ji(四郡志). Yu Deuk-gong believed Goguryeo, Okjeo and Ye all thrived on regions that had belonged to the late Joseon(Go-Joseon) territory, and theorized that the four Han(漢) Commandery units, which were Jinbeon-gun, Hyeondo-gun, Imdun-gun and Nakrang-gun, were all installed on these lands in B.C.108. Then he argued that the number of commandery units changed from four to two, when Jinbeon was absorbed by Hyeondo and Imdun was annexed by Nakrang, in B.C.82. The most noteworthy characteristic of Yu Deuk-gong’s estimation of the Four Commanderies’ location is his theory of ‘Jinbeon in the North,’ which theorized that the Jinbeon Commandery would have been in the Heung’gyeong region, outside the Abrok-gang river. There were other scholars who presented the same argument in the Joseon period’s latter half, but Yu’s theory was a bit different from theirs, as he believed Paesu had always been the Daedong-gang river since the Chinese Han times. He also provided some extra explanation of his reasoning, in case any opinion different from his own was suggested by fellow scholars of his time or readers later on. Although we cannot say that his suggestions regarding the location of the four Han Commandery units, and supposed changes that occurred later on, are fully grounded in historical facts and evidences. But his attitude itself, in which he did try to consider the possibility of others not sharing his opinions, and be objective in his academic determinations, inspires us all in the academic arena, even today.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Yu Deuk-gong, Sagun-ji, “History of Installation(建置沿革)” chapter, the theory of “Jinbeon in the North”(“Jinbeon Jaebuk[在北]”), The Paesu(the Daedonggang river)
