초록 열기/닫기 버튼
익산 쌍릉은 일제강점기 자료를 정리하고 보고하는 과정에서 대왕릉의 피장자에 대한 새로운 해석으로 인하여 再조사되었다. 그 결과로 기존에 알려지지 않은 새로운 사실들이 확인되었으며, 궁극적으로 백제 말기 왕릉에 대한 인식의 폭을 넓히는데 결정적인 계기가 되었다. 본 논고는 고고학 자료를 토대로 쌍릉의 구조와 특징을 검토하여 대왕릉과 소왕릉의 선후관계를 파악하고 그 피장자를 살펴본 글이다. Ⅱ장에서는 쌍릉의 조사 결과 석실의 정확한 규모는 물론이거니와 1) 능원의 가능성, 2) 판축기법의 응용, 3) 남조척의 사용, 4) 수릉의 가능성 등을 살펴보았다. 더불어 대왕릉에서 발견된 인골의(102개체) 자연과학적 분석 결과 그 주인공은 7세기 전·중반경에 사망한 노년층 남성으로, 평균 이상의 身長을 가진 고칼로리성 음식을 주로 섭취한 사람으로 파악되었다. Ⅲ장에서는 횡혈식석실과 출토유물 등을 통해 쌍릉의 선후관계를 파악하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 부여 왕릉원의 석실과의 비교를 통해 쌍릉 역시 부여 왕릉의 구조와 속성을 충실하게 답습하고 규모에 있어서도 뒤지지 않는 것으로 보아 왕릉이 확실한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 백제 사비시기의 관등제의 실상을 대변하는 銀花冠飾이 출토된 횡혈식석실분의 천장유형으로 볼 때 중하총은 聖王, 동하총은 威德王, 서하총은 惠王, 서상총은 法王의 능으로 판단할 수 있었다. 또한 쌍릉은 석실의 구조와 출토유물의 분석을 통해 소왕릉이 대왕릉보다 먼저 축조되었다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 대왕릉에서 출토된 玉 장신구는 중국 隋·唐 황제릉의 출토품 사례로 보아 당시 백제 최고위 계층이 착용한 허리띠 장식으로 확인되었다. 이상의 내용을 종합적으로 판단할 때 익산 쌍릉 대왕릉의 피장자는 641년에 사망한 백제 제30대 ‘무왕’으로 비정된다. Ⅳ장에서는 문헌기록상의 무왕의 출계와 무왕의 비에 대한 검토를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 무왕은 池龍으로 표현된 비정상 결혼에서 출생한 아들로 추정되며, 무왕의 첫째 왕비(妃)는 미륵사를 창건한 선화공주로 검토되었다. 결국 앞 서 살펴본 고고학 자료를 문헌기록과의 연관성으로 볼 때 쌍릉 피장자는 대왕릉은 ‘武王’, 소왕릉은 ‘善花公主’라는 결론에 이를 수 있었다.
The Twin Royal Tombs in Iksan were re-examined following a new interpretation of the person buried in the tomb of the great king during the process of organizing and reporting the data of the Japanese colonial period. As a result, new facts that were not previously known were confirmed, which ultimately served as a decisive opportunity to broaden the awareness of the royal tombs in the late Baekje period. The present paper examined the structure and characteristics of the Twin Royal Tombs in Iksan based on the archaeological data to understand the order of incidents between the tombs of the great and small kings as well as the personage buried in the tombs. In chapter II, examined were not only the exact size of the stone chamber but also the possibilities of 1) a royal cemetery (陵園), 2) application of Banzhu (版築) technique, 3) use of Southern Dynasty’s scale (南朝尺), and 4) a reserved tomb (壽陵) based on the investigation of the Twin Royal Tombs in Iksan. Furthermore, a natural scientific analysis of human bones (102 specimens) unearthed from the tomb of the great king evidenced that the deceased was an elderly male taller than average who died before or in the middle of the 7th century and ate mostly high-caloried foods. In Chapter Ⅲ, the ancestral relationship of the Twin Royal Tombs was investigated by means of the excavated relics and the stone chamber tomb with horizontal entrance. For this purpose, first, the Twin Royal Tombs were compared with the stone chamber tombs of the royal cemetery in Buyeo, which revealed that the Twin Royal Tombs faithfully followed the structure and properties of the other royal tombs in Buyeo, proving that the Twin Royal Tombs were royal ones since they are not inferior in scale in the slightest. In addition, judging from the ceiling type of the stone chamber tomb with horizontal entrance from which excavated was a silver flower crown representing the true aspect of the bureaucratic rank system during the Sabi period of Baekje, it was believed that the tomb in the middle below (中下塚) was the one for King Seong (聖王), the one below east (東下塚) was for King Wideok (威德王), the one to the west below (西下塚) was for King Hye (惠王), and the one to the west above (西上 塚) was for King Beop (法王), respectively. Moreover, through the analysis of the structure and excavated artifacts from the Twin Royal Tombs, it could be concluded that the tomb of the small king was built prior to the one of the great king. In particular, the jade ornaments unearthed from the tomb of the great king confirmed to be the decorations of the belts worn by the highest class at the time of Baekje, based on the examples of the artifacts unearthed from the tombs of the Sui (隋) and Tang (唐) emperors in China. Taking the above facts into account, the person buried in the great king tomb of the Royal Twin Tombs in Iksan was supposed to be the 30th King ‘Mu’ of Baekje, who died in 641. Chapter IV examined the genealogy of King Mu and his queen in the literature records. Through this, it was presumed that King Mu was the son born of an abnormal marriage expressed as a dragon born in the pond (池龍), and King Mu’s first queen was considered the Princess Seonhwa who founded Mireuksa Temple. In the end, by correlating the archaeological data reviewed above with the records of the literature, it could be summed up that the person buried in the great king tomb was ‘King Mu (武王)’ and the one buried in the small king tomb was ‘Princess Seonhwa (善花公主)’.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Iksan Twin Royal Tombs, tomb of the great king, tomb of the small king, King Mu, Princess Seonhwa
