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We are now on the cusp of massive adoption of digital health technologies. Medicine is becoming an information science intertwinedwith technology and data science. This talk aims to describe the current state of digital transformation in healthcare, toidentify reasons for enthusiasm and caution, and to provide a framework for thinking about what is necessary for hospitals andhealth systems to be confident about incorporating these innovations into practice. I have three key recommendations. First, weshould buy results, not claims. Those in positions that influence decisions about endorsing or purchasing digital products designedto improve care or outcomes ought to buy results, not claims or intermediate results. Moreover, although analytic validity and clinicalvalidity are important, they sometimes do not reflect the impact of a product in its entirety. Ultimately, we need to know whetherpatients benefit. Second, we should insist on transparency. The performance of a product cannot be a secret. The basis on whichdevelopers make claims about their products should be open to all, including patients. Better yet, data on which experts reach aconclusion should be shared, just as many companies share research data on drugs and devices. Third, we should be aware of unintendedadverse consequences. We should evaluate every intervention for unintended adverse consequences. Changes to systems,with all good intentions, can always go awry. In conclusion, insistence on good and evolving evidence is the best way to arriveat our destination: the use of innovations to improve outcomes.
