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“（是）……的”焦点句中宾语可以放在“的”之前，也可以放在“的”之后，我们将前者称为“VO的”句式，后者为“V的O”句式。本文通过语料库考察了以下三种情况：（1）采用“VO的”句式、不采用“V的O”句式的情况，（2）采用“V的O”句式、不采用“VO的”句式的情况，（3）两种句式都可采用的情况。 通过考察我们详细列出了属于（1）和（2）两种情况的语义和句法条件，发现”V的O“句式比”VO的“句式具有更强的构式义，能够把进入其中的不符合条件的V和O强制解读为符合条件的成分。 对于第（3）种情况，本文证实并分析了以下三种倾向性：（A）当“VO”为动宾式离合词时，人们倾向于采用“V的O”句式，（B）当宾语为代词时，人们倾向于采用“VO的”句式，（C）当动词后同时出现结果补语和宾语时，人们倾向于采用“VO的”句式，不管宾语是特指性成分还是泛指性成分。此外，我们还发现话者的态度也会影响到选择哪种句式。当话者对言及的事件十分在意时，往往会采用“VO的”句式，而当话者要客观陈述某个事件或对某个事件不太在意时，则往往采用“V的O”句式。因为存在这种区别，这两种句式在对话语体中会带来不同的语用效果：采用“VO的”句式可以让话者的言语带上某种比较强烈的感情，而采用“V的O”句式则会拉开话者与听者的距离，使话者听起来显得冷淡、冷漠。
In a “(shi)…de((是)……的)” construction, the object of the sentence can be placed in front of the word “de(的)” or after it. In this paper, we called the first placement as “V+O+de” Construction, and the second as “V+de+O” Construction. We then investigated 3 situations following in the corpus: (1) the sentences using “V+O+de” Construction (2) the sentences using “V+de+O” Construction (3) the sentences which can use both of the two constructions. Based on linguistic data, we listed the syntactic and semantic constraints for the Situation (1) and (2) and found that the “V+de+O” Construction has a stronger constructional meaning than “V+O+de” Construction, as the former one can exert an influence on either the V or O to make them conform to the meaning of the construction. As for Situation (3), we confirmed the 3 different kinds of tendency as the following and explained the reasons: (A) If the “VO” is a detachable “verb + object” word, the “V+de+O” Construction is preferred. (B) If the object is a pronoun, the “V+O+de” Construction is preferred. (C) If there is a resultative complement and object behind the verb simultaneously，regardless of whether the object is a specific reference or a general one, the “V+O+de” Construction is preferred. We found that the attitude of the speaker is also an important factor when deciding which construction to choose. When the speaker cares about the event that he/she is talking about, he/she is more likely to use the “V+O+de” Construction. In contrast, if the speaker doesn't care about it or just wants to give an objective statement, he/she is more likely to use the “V+de+O” Construction. Because of this difference, the two constructions bring about different pragmatic effects in dialogues. If the “V+O+de” Construction is used, the speaker usually has a strong emotion towards the listener, while if the “V+de+O” Construction is used, the speaker is distancing himself/herself from the listener and making his/her utterance sounds unfriendly.
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“(shi)…de((是)……的)” focus construction, “V+O+de” Construction, “V+de+O” Construction, construction coercion, attitude of the speaker
