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ObjectiveConsidering the high prevalence of leiomyoma and endometrial polyps, investigating the contributing factors anddetermining the pathophysiology of these lesions are essential. Target therapy is now an acceptable method forthe treatment of some diseases. We aimed to determine the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 inendometrial polyps and leiomyomas to discover a drug-based method to overcome surgical treatments. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 55 patients with leiomyoma and 55 patients with polyps were included. Preparedslides from leiomyoma and adjacent myometrium or polyp lesions and adjacent endometrium were obtained andinvestigated for TGF-β1. Then, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22. ResultsThe mean age of participants was 40.6±5.8 years. Based on their reports, 88.2% (n=97) of patients in the studypopulation had abnormal uterine bleeding with similar distributions among both groups. In contrast, 63.5% ofthe leiomyoma group did not express TGF-β1. However, in normal myometrium, 23.6% had the highest degree ofTGF-β1 expression. Polyp tissue did not show staining for TGF-β1 in any patients. Additionally, 89.1% of non-polypoidendometrium did not express TGF-β1. Normal tissue had a significantly greater amount of TGF-β1 compared toleiomyoma and endometrial polyps. ConclusionTGF-β1 is expressed more prominently in normal myometrium with mostly high-intensity features compared toleiomyoma. Additionally, polyps showed no staining for TGF-β1, while normal endometrium showed a low-densitystaining pattern.
