Social Dialectic Approach to Pronunciation Variations among Students in Changwon City

이 연구는 창원 지역 초·중·고·대학생 총 42명의 발음을 사회방언학적인 방법으로 조사하여 학령, 성별, 거주지 요인에서 보이는 차이를 살펴보는 것에 목적이 있다. 유음화가 발음되는 비율은 모든 학령에서 높으나 학령이 낮을수록 /ㄹ-ㄴ/을 철자대로 발음하고 /ㄴ-ㄹ/을 [ㅥ]으로 발음하는 비율이 높아지고 있다. 고등학생의 발음에서 유음화가 가장 활발하게 실현되고 중학생부터 감소되고 있다. 대학생, 고등학생은 남학생의 발음에서 유음화가 높게 실현되고 중학생, 초등학생은 여학생의 발음에서 높게 실현되는 경향이다. 도심 학생 발음에서 유음화가 높게 실현되지만 학령으로는 변두리 고등학생의 발음에서 가장 높다. [ㅥ] 발음은 대학생은 여학생 발음에서 비율이 높고 나머지 학령은 남학생 발음에서 비율이 높아 두드러진 개신자의 역할을 단정하기 어렵다. 도심은 물론 변두리 학생 발음에서도 이 현상이 확산되고 있다. /ㄺ, ㄼ/ 풀이씨는 주로 [ㄹ]로 발음되고 학령별 차이는 크지 않다. 남학생 발음에서 [ㄹ] 발음 비율이 높고 여학생 발음에서 표준발음 비율이 상대적으로 높다. 도심보다 변두리에서 [ㄹ] 발음 비율이 높고 발음이 혼란된 현상은 도심에서 높다. 끝소리 /ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ/이 [ㅅ]으로 발음되는 비율이 높은 순서는 ‘ㅊ > ㅈ >ㅌ’이고 토씨와 결합되는 상황에서는 ‘이 > 을 > 에’ 순으로 비율이 높다. 이 현상은 학령이 낮을수록 비율이 높아지는 경향이고 여학생보다 남학생 발음에서 비율이 높고 거주지 요인에 의한 차이는 없다.

This study examined how the pronunciation of 42 elementary, middle, and high school and college students in Changwon, South Korea varied according to their school year, gender, and place of residence from a social dialect perspective. 1) Participants of all ages showed lateralization ([ㄹㄹ]) when ㄹ was the final consonant before words that start with ㄴ and vice versa. However, the younger the students were, the more they pronounced ㄴ as it was when ㄹ was the final consonant before a ㄴ-starting word. They tended to pronounce [ㅥ] when ㄴ was the final consonant before a ㄹ-starting word. Lateralization was strongest among high school students and was weaker among elementary and middle school students. Lateralization was most prominent among male high school and college students and female elementary and middle school students. Students living downtown were most likely to show lateralization generally, but high school students living in small towns were most likely to show lateralization when ㄴ was the final consonant before a ㄹ-starting word. Female college students and male elementary, middle, and high school students most frequently pronounced [ㅥ], so it is hard to say that there is noticeable convert. This [ㅥ] pronunciation phenomenon is widely spreading both city center and suburbs. 2) /ㄺ, ㄼ/ mostly sounds to [ㄹ] when a verb was combined with a suffix that started with a consonant, such as /ㄱ/, /ㄷ/, and /ㅈ/, however /ㄺ, ㄼ/ less likely sounds to [ㄹ] when it was combined with a suffix that started with /ㄴ/. There was no noticeable variance by age. Male students were more likely to pronounce [ㄹ] than female students, so female students were more likely to use the standard pronunciation than male students. The [ㄹ] pronunciation was observed more in suburbs than city centers while the confusion phenomenon was observed in city centers more often than suburbs. 3) The pronunciation of /ㅈ/, /ㅊ/, and /ㅌ/ as [ㅅ] when they are the final consonant most frequently appeared in the order of ㅊ > ㅈ > ㅌ and the order of 이 > 을 > 에 when /ㅈ/, /ㅊ/, and /ㅌ/ were combined with postpositions. This phenomenon more frequently showed in lower the school and was observed more frequently among male students than female students, but was not correlated with place of residence.