초록 열기/닫기 버튼
The organizational smuggling of 1929~1931 (before the establishment of Manchukuo) was a part of consuming excess products of Japan and invasion of the Chinese economy against China. In particular, smuggling surged during the Manchuria Incident and the early chaos of Manchukuo. Andong was technically a deserted mountain, and there were frequent smuggling of goods inland by forging their invoices as Japanese military supplies. Forwarders of smuggled goods from Sinuiju transported those goods to support themselves during the unemployment crisis. However, after the establishment of Manchukuo, although the forwarders still needed to support themselves for livelihood, the needs of the Empire changed to securing funds for Manchukuo. Therefore, smuggling became a problem that needed to be regulated. Manchukuo actively used firearm to regulate organizational forwarders, and casualties and injuries appeared. In other words, smuggling to support oneself became an issue of survival related to life and death. The forwarders attempted to avoid clashes, bribe or revenge. However, as the pull effect of smuggling was insufficient to risk lives, “large-scale organizational” smuggling industry started to plummet, and it became no longer effective due to the trade control after the Sino-Japanese War. As such, organizational smuggling ceased to exist.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Shinuiju, Andong, Manchukuo, smuggling, Border
