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This paper studied the semantic structure and cognitive categorization patterns in two views of semantic transparency for overlapping of synonymous word that qualify as a listme. The results showed that the semantic structure is ‘meaning selection α1 (selecting the meaning of any component)’ and ‘meaning selection α2 (selecting the meaning of a particular component)’. Through cognitive categorization patterns, the formation of overlapping of synonymous word was found to have resulted from increased semantic transparency, i.e. reduced entropy of information delivery. In particular, in the case of overlapping of synonymous word with meaning selection α2, the surplus ‘transparent unit’ is notable for its function of increasing negentropy.