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本論文作爲甲骨文中關於求雨行為的卜辭爲研究對象, 全面整理了求雨卜辭, 並瞭解了商人通過何種行爲來祈雨的情況。甲骨文中出現的演奏音樂的“奏”和演奏音樂同時跳舞的“舞”、“”(雩), 燒樹祭天的“燎”, 祝禱來求雨的“禱”, 還不知具體方式的“侑”, 焚燒女巫來求雨的“”(焚尫), 製作龍的形象求雨的“作土龍”等等。 這種行爲主要以自然神或祖先神爲對象求雨, 自然神中有“山”、“黃河”、“川”、“雲”、“雪”、“社”、“四方神”等, 還有上帝的臣下也是祭祀對象。祖先神有“夒(帝嚳)”, “上甲(微)”, “大乙(天乙)”, “伊尹”, “尹逑(伊尹的配偶)”, “示壬(主壬)”等, 甲骨學界推測爲祖先神的“”、“茍”和“”等。 以自然神爲求雨對象的例子更多的是因爲下雨本身是自然現象。 通過音樂或舞蹈祈願的“奏”、“舞”、“”(雩), 沒有作爲犧牲使用的動物或人, “燎”、“禱”、“侑”和“”(焚尫)中記載了以犧牲動物和人牲來求雨的內容。祭祀時主要可以看到祭祀用的牛羊、普通羊、黑羊和豬。 舉行“祭”的時候, 主要使用女人, 從這一點可以推測像古文獻的記載一樣, 焚燒女巫祈雨。另外, 從甲骨文中用泥土或草木製作龍的形象祈雨的記錄來看， 可以具體地看出漢代儒學家董仲夷所主張的以“天人感應”理論的原始宗教行, 在商代已經存在。
This paper takes oracle bone inscriptions on ritual for rain as the object of research，analyzes and summarizes the thoughts and cultures of Shang Dynasty peoples. Through the above discussion，we can see that the ceremonies held by Shang Dynasty peoples to ritual for rain are very rich and diverse. The way Shang Dynasty peoples ask for rain is by Zou(奏) and Wu(舞)，Liao(燎)，Dao(禱)，burning witches and servants，and making dragon dolls for rain. These rites of asking for rain include God of Nature and God of Ancestors. Natural gods are Shan(山)，He(河)，Chuan(川)，Yun(雲)，Xue(雪)，Tu(土) and Sifangshen(四方神). The ancestors’ gods included Nao(夒)，Shangjia(上甲)，Dayi(大乙)，Yiyin(伊尹)，Yiqiu(伊逑)，Zhuren(主壬) and Gaobi(高妣). In addition to these，the oracle bone experts believe that the ，茍 and of the ancestral spirits also appeared. Most of the victims of the Shang Dynasty’s rain-grubbing ritual were natural gods. This should be closely related to the nature of rain. When asking for rain with music and dance，there is no sacrifice of animals，but when sacrifices are held such as Liao(燎)，Dao(禱) or You(侑) cows and sheep are often used for sacrificial purposes，and ordinary sheep，black sheep，or pigs are used. In “”，women are often sacrificed，as recorded in the literature，to burn witches or maids for rain. In oracle bone divination，we can see that the Shang Dynasty had already established religious practices based on the theory of Tianrenganying(天人感應) advocated by the Han(漢) Confucianist Tung Chung-shu(董仲舒).
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oracle bone inscriptions, Shang Dynasty, ritual for rain, god of nature, god of ancestors
