A Study on the Modal Semantics and Grammaticalization of the Auxiliary Verb“Hao(好)”from the Perspective of Typology

本文从共时层面考察了8大官话次方言区“S+好+VP”结构中“好”的语义分布特征，明确了助动词“好”的语义类型和分布情况。本文发现，在官话8大次方言区内“S+好+VP”结构中“好”的语义功能主要包括“喜爱”义动词、“常容易”义惯常体语义以及表达能力、许可、义务、意愿和推断等的情态语义，并已发展为最近将来时标记。本文着眼于三声“好”和四声“好”之间存在的紧密关联，从历时的角度探讨了“S+好+VP”结构中“好”的语法化问题。本文提出四声的“好”及其语义项“HABITUATION（惯常的）”在助动词“好”语义演变过程中起到的关键作用，揭示了现代汉语中出现两个不同读音的“好”的原因在于南北朝时期时期发生的形式与语义的组合性错配。并构建出“实义动词>惯常体标记>情态助动词>最近将来时标记”的语义演进路径，从类型学的角度分析了其体现出的语言共性，对Bybee et al（1994）、Heine＆Kuteva(2002)等的研究作出了有益的补充。

This paper examines the semantic distribution of the auxiliary verb “hao“ in the “S+好+VP“ structure used in the eight Mandarin sub-dialects from a synchronic view. This study finds that in the eight sub-dialects of Mandarin, there is an imbalance in the semantic distribution of “好“ in the aforementioned structure. In some Mandarin sub-dialects areas, “好“ can either be grammaticalized into a modal auxiliary verb or an aspect marker. With the focus on the close connection between the three-tone “hao“ and the four-tone “hao“, this paper discusses the grammaticalization of “hao“ in the “S+好+VP“ structure from a diachronic perspective. This study reveals that the four-tone “Hao“ and its semantic item “HABITUATION“ play a key role in the semantic evolution of the auxiliary verb “好“ . Moreover, the two different pronunciations of “好“ in modern Chinese are due to the mismatch of the form and the semantics that occurred in the Middle Ages. As illustrated by the grammaticalization path of “hao“ that was constructed in this paper, we could conclude that the Language Universal can be observed through the chinese language. This paper makes a useful supplement to the research of Bybee et al (1994), Heine & Kuteva (2002), etc.