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The purpose of this paper is to assess the relevance of cultural, political, economic and geographic approaches to account for the supremacy of cultural and geographic factors in explaining institutional quality in West Africa. The results show that cultural factors, followed by geography, play a significant role in understanding institutional quality. The results suggest that improving institutional quality requires strengthening democratisation processes by focusing on the cultural values of the population of a country of each country. Furthermore, it is necessary to promote and reinforce decentralisation processes to ensure the representativeness of the state throughout the territory.