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The study investigated academic performance of underachievers in junior mathematics in Ibadan using motivational enhancement therapy and academic self-efficacy training in enhancing academic performance of junior secondary school students in Ibadan. To ascertain the degree of its effectiveness, a randomized sample of 90 junior secondary school students with 30 participants in each from three different junior schools in three different local government areas in Ibadan were chosen The quasi-experimental study employed a randomized sample that undertook training in motivational enhancement therapy and academic self-efficacy training compared with control group. Mathematics achievement tests prepared by National Examination Council (NECO) for 2017 and 2018 objective mathematics papers were used together with parental academic support Scale with reliability coefficient of 0.72. A pair of pre-test and post-test data was obtained from each participant who formed the basis of the findings using ANCOVA for data analyses. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested at α = 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that there were significant differences in the treatment with motivational enhancement therapy being more significant in enhancing mathematics achievement among junior school students. Also, the results showed that gender and parental support have to do with enhancement of academic performance among junior secondary school students. It was therefore concluded that motivational enhancement therapy and academic self-efficacy training can be used to enhance junior mathematics academic performance of underachievers and recommendations are also offered.