An analysis on the features and developments of the “V+lai/qu” and “V+V8” structures in QiMinYaoShu

≪齐民要术≫中出现了大量的“V+来/去”结构和“V+V8”结构，通过分析可知，无论是用例数量上还是结构的成熟度上，“V+来/去”结构都超过了“V+V8”结构。从用例数量上看，“V去”结构用例最多，其次是“V+出”、“V+起”，这是由“V”、“来/去”和“V8”各自的语义特征决定的。从结构成熟度上看，“V+来/去”结构比较成熟，主要以述补结构形式出现。句法上，带插入成分的现象很少，“V+来/去”作为一个整体带受事宾语的情况较多；语义上，“行为-结果”语义关系比较紧密，根据“去”的虚化与否，以及虚化的程度，可具体归纳整理出“行为-趋向义补语”和“行为-结果义补语”两种语义结构。“V+V8”结构中，连谓型“V+V8”与述补型“V+V8”并存，这体现了中古汉语初期语法的承前启后性时代特征。这些共时平面上的特征的形成受补语语法化进程、各结构直接组成成分的语义特征等不同因素的共同影响。

There are a lot of ‘V+lai/qu’ and ‘V+V8’ structures in Qi Min Yao Shu. Whether the number of used cases or the maturity of the structure, “V+lai/qu” structure is beyond “V+V8” structure. From the number of used cases, “Vqu” structure has the largest number, following are “V+出”、“V+起” structure. This distribution ratio relates to the semantic features of “V”、“lai/qu” and “V8”. From the maturity of the structure, “V+lai/qu” structure is more mature, and occures in the form of predicate complement structure. Syntactic, there are just a little “V+lai/qu” structures with parenthesis, but there are many “V+lai/qu” structures with object. Semantically, the semantic relation of “action-result” is relatively tight. According to the grammaticalization or not, and the degrees of grammaticalization of “qu”, we can sum up two kinds of semantic structure, “action - directional complement” and “action- resultative complement”. In the “V+V8” structure, Serial Verb Construction “V+V8” consists with predicate complement structure “V+V8”, this phenomenon expresses the feature of early middle ancient Chinese which serves as a link between past and future. Generally, “V+lai/qu” and “V+V8” structures are all developing structures under grammaticalization.