초록 열기/닫기 버튼
본 논문은 소비재 무역의 특성에 중점을 두고 동아시아의 소비재와 중간재 무역의 결정요인을 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 중간재와 달리 문화적인 특성이 강한 소비재는 무역에 참여하는 양국이 문화적으로 유사할수록 교역이 더 활발하게 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비재 무역은 중간재 무역에 비해 양국의 서비스무역 크기와 IT 인프라 수준에도 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타난다. 이는 서비스무역이 문화적 격차를 줄이는데 도움을 주고, 전자상거래가 중간재보다는 소비재 무역을 원활하게 하는데 기여하기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 소비재 중에서도 특히 차별재화 무역이 동질재화에 비해 이러한 요인들에 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타난다. 정부의 5대 유망소비재 중에서는 농수산품, 화장품, 패션의류 무역이 양국의 IT 인프라 수준이 높을수록 교역이 활발하다. 문화적 격차에는 화장품 교역이 민감하게 반응하고, 서비스 수출을 통한 문화에 대한 노출은 특히 패션의류 무역을 촉진시키는 것으로 분석되었다.
Focusing on the characteristics of consumer goods, this paper compares the determinants of trade in consumer goods and trade in intermediary goods in East Asia. I find that unlike intermediary goods trade, trade in consumer goods is influenced by cultural similarity: the more cultures are similar to each other, the more active the exchange of consumer goods between the countries. This is partly because the demand of consumer goods are often based on subjective consumers’ preferences or choice, which is not the case for intermediary inputs demand. In this context, trade of recreational services, such as broadcasting and education, plays a complementary role in trade in consumer goods. Empirical results show that volumes of services trade between countries is positively associated with trade in consumer goods. The study also finds that trade in consumer goods are more affected by the level of e-commerce infrastructure of the trade participants than trade in intermediates. This is not surprising given that the share of consumer goods is higher than intermediary goods in international trade through e-commerce. Among consumer goods, the effect of the three factors―cultural distance, service exports, e-commerce infrastructure―is especially stronger on trade in differentiated goods than on homogeneous goods trade. Lastly, by estimating the econometric model by the top five consumer products chosen by the government of Korea, I find that the effect of the three factors differs across products. Trade in agricultural products, cosmetics and fashions are sensitive to e-commerce infrastructure level of the trade participants while cultural similarity plays a significant role in trade in cosmetics. Furthermore, importer's exposure to the exporter's culture narrows the cultural distance between the partner countries and lead to higher volumes of trade in fashions.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
East Asia, trade in consumer goods, cultural distance, trade in services, e-commerce
