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영화 <박열>에 나타난 가네코 후미코의 표상은 크게 세 가지 측면에서 이해할 수 있다. 먼저 본 영화는 가네코의 사상을 재현하는 것에 중점을 둔 영화는 아니나, 가네코를 주체적이고 당당한 여성으로 묘사한다. 다음으로 영화는 가네코와 박열의 사랑을 중심적으로 다룬다는 점에서 기존의 가네코 표상과 맥을 같이 하지만, 동거서약에 대한 묘사를 통해 민족과 젠더를 넘어선 연대를 보여준다. 더불어 가네코와 박열이 옥중에서 혼인신고를 하기까지의 경위를 통해 가네코가 근대 가족 제도에 종속되지 않고자 저항하는 모습을 확인할 수 있다. 마지막으로 영화 속에서 제시된 가네코와 박열의 사진은 가네코의 사후 일본 정치 세력들에 의해 외설적으로 해석된 바 있으나, 영화가 대중적으로 긍정적인 반향을 일으키면서 퇴폐적이라고 여겨지던 사진의 이미지가 탈피된다. 본 영화는 한국에서 페미니즘의 조류가 일기 시작한 때에 공개되었고, 일본에서도 한국의 문학과 서적을 통해 페미니즘의 물결이 반향을 불러일으키고 있는 시기에 소개되었다. 한국에서 그려낸 일본인 여성의 표상이 영화를 통해 일으킨 반향은 대중 영화를 통해 초국적 페미니즘의 교류를 모색할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다.
This essay examines the representation of Kaneko Fumiko in the popular film “Anarchist from the Colony”. The paper confirms how women’s representations are reproduced in popular film and discusses the prospect of transnational feminist solidarity suggested by this film in the tide of feminism between Korea and Japan. Before the film was released, the solidarity between the two countries towards Kaneko was linked to the area where she had lived. There were also representations of Kaneko in other artistic genres such as novels and plays. However, it is characteristic that the film has aroused public interest in her both in Korea and Japan. The depiction of Kaneko Fumiko in this film can be understood in three ways. First of all, the film does not focus on reproducing her thoughts. Nevertheless, it describes Kaneko as a subjective and dignified woman. This is due to the fact that the film made use of Kaneko’s handwritten notes and trial records while emphasizing historical evidence. On the other hand, there is also an emphasis on film directing, which is thought to be due to the consciousness of the tide related to feminism in Korean society before and after the release of the film. While presenting both the aspect of Kaneko’s feminism and making it invisible at the same time, it presents a new image of women that is different from the earlier representation of Kaneko Fumiko and the depiction of Japanese women in Korean films. Secondly, the film focuses on the love of Kaneko and Park Yeol. Although this is similar to existing representations of Kaneko, it shows the solidarity among subordinate subjects through the description of Kaneko’s and Park’s pledge to live together. Kaneko was able to sympathize with Koreans through her experience of discrimination as an unregistered person. Through this empathy, she finds herself in Park as an “enlarged ego”. In addition, the pledge to live together proposed to Park by Kaneko shows not only solidarity beyond nationality but also solidarity beyond gender. The content of the pledge that Kaneko proposes to Park, and the process of filing a marriage in prison shows she struggled to resist the modern family system as a woman. Finally, the film symbolizes the relationship of Kaneko and Park as companions and lovers through a photo depicting the two as a couple. After Kaneko’s death, the photograph was interpreted obscenely by Japanese political forces. However, the image of the two has been reinterpreted positively, as their image is popularized. The film was released at the beginning of the tide of feminism in Korea, and was introduced in Japan when the wave of feminism was reverberating through Korean literature and books. The representation of Japanese women produced by Korean films suggest the possibility of seeking interchange of transnational feminism through popular films.
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Fumiko Kaneko, “Anarchist from the Colony”, popular film, representation of women, Transnational Feminist Solidarity
