이 논문은 인지의미론적 관점에서 확장이 잘 이루어진 대표적이고 사용빈도가 높은 한중 신체어인 ‘입’과 ‘嘴, 口’의 다의 현상을 대조 분석하여 그 의미 확장이 각각 어떠한 유연성(有缘性)에 의해 행해지고 있는지를 밝히었다. 그 대조 분석 결과를 바탕으로 한·중 다의적 신체어에서 드러난 인지과정의 동질성과 이질성도 살펴보고 나아가서 동질성과 이질성이 나타난 요인을 고찰하였다. 동질성이 나타난 요인은 세 가지로 볼 수 있다. 그 첫 번째는 인간의 인지 심리 과정이 보편성을 가지기 때문인 것으로 볼 수 있고 두 번째는 인간의 신체구조와 감지기관(感知器官)이 똑같음은 한․중 양국이 신체부위에 대한 인지가 대동소이하는 것에서 결정적 역할을 하는 것으로 볼 수 있으며 세 번째는 한․중 양국은 동일 문화권에 속해 있는 관계로 제도, 문화, 관습, 풍조, 생활이나 생산 경험 등 많은 면에서 동질적으로 나타나기 때문인 것으로 본다. 또한 , 의미 확장에서 이질성이 나타난 요인은 다음과 같다. 의미 확장의 횟수의 영향, 전통적인 민족문화, 관습 및 제도 등의 영향, 언어 자신 특징의 영향, 인지 차이의 영향 때문인 것으로 본다. 마지막으로는 일정한 명사 의미 분류 체계를 바탕으로 확장된 주변 의미들에 의미 자질을 부여하고 이들을 유형화함으로써 ‘입’과 ‘嘴, 口’ 의미 확장의 다음과 같은 경향성을 포착하고 제시하였다. 첫째, 신체어의 주변 의미들이 <자연물>, <물체>, <부분>의 자질을 가장 많이 갖고 있고 이는 인간이 신체와 신체 경험을 바탕으로 외부 세계를 인지하여 신체 부위의 특징이 다른 어떤 사물에 전용되는 것을 입증할 수 있다고 본다. 둘째, ‘입’과 ‘嘴, 口’의 의미 확장이 <속성>이란 자질에서 많은 분포를 차지하고 실체 명사인 신체어가 은유와 환유에 의해 의미 확장이 이루어져 상태 명사의 역할을 하게 된다는 점을 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, ‘嘴, 口’가 <분류사>라는 부류에서 의미 확장이 많이 이루어졌고 이는 중국어가 어의형(語義型)언어인 것과 관련된다고 본다. 주제어: 신체어, 의미 확장, 은유, 환유, 동질성, 이질성, 경향성

This paper aimed at the semantic extension of body language of Korean "입" and Body Language of Chinese "嘴, 口" by the perspective of cognitive semantics. Firstly, this paper made a contrastive analysis of the polysemous phenomena of "입" and "嘴, 口", and revealed what relevance their based on to semantic expansion. Then, this paper examined the differences and similarities in the process of semantic expansion of the word "입" and "嘴, 口" based on the results of comparative analysis, and examined the reasons for the differences and similarities. It was found that in the process of semantic expansion, there were three reasons for the similarity. One was that the universality of human cognitive psychological process; the other was that the common human body structure and the same perceptual organs led to similar perceptions of body parts between Korea and China; the third was that Korea and China belonged to the same cultural circle and shared many commonplaces in system, culture, customs and production experience. The differences in semantic expansion were influenced by the number of semantic expansion, traditional national culture and system, language characteristics and cognitive differences. At the end of the paper, on the basis of a specific classification system of noun meanings, the study gave meaning characteristics to the extended meanings of "입" and "嘴, 口", and classified them to reveal their tendency of semantic expansion. The study found that the semantic expansion of "입" and "嘴, 口" had the following tendencies: firstly, many extended meanings of body language had 'natural object/artificial object'. It well indicated that human beings recognized the outside world by their body and experience, and they transferred the characteristics of body parts to other active or inactive objects by some relevance. secondly, the extended meanings of "입" and "嘴, 口" had many characteristics of `attribute', which illustrated that body language, extended semantically through metaphor and metonymy into a state noun as an entity noun; Thirdly, many of the extended meanings of "嘴, 口" had the attribute meanings of "Classifier", which was about the fact that Chinese words were belonged to the semantic language. Key words:body language, semantic expansion, metaphor, metonymy, generality, heterosexuality, tendentiousness

This paper aimed at the semantic extension of body language of Korean "입" and Body Language of Chinese "嘴, 口" by the perspective of cognitive semantics. Firstly, this paper made a contrastive analysis of the polysemous phenomena of "입" and "嘴, 口", and revealed what relevance their based on to semantic expansion. Then, this paper examined the differences and similarities in the process of semantic expansion of the word "입" and "嘴, 口" based on the results of comparative analysis, and examined the reasons for the differences and similarities. It was found that in the process of semantic expansion, there were three reasons for the similarity. One was that the universality of human cognitive psychological process; the other was that the common human body structure and the same perceptual organs led to similar perceptions of body parts between Korea and China; the third was that Korea and China belonged to the same cultural circle and shared many commonplaces in system, culture, customs and production experience. The differences in semantic expansion were influenced by the number of semantic expansion, traditional national culture and system, language characteristics and cognitive differences. At the end of the paper, on the basis of a specific classification system of noun meanings, the study gave meaning characteristics to the extended meanings of "입" and "嘴, 口", and classified them to reveal their tendency of semantic expansion. The study found that the semantic expansion of "입" and "嘴, 口" had the following tendencies: firstly, many extended meanings of body language had 'natural object/artificial object'. It well indicated that human beings recognized the outside world by their body and experience, and they transferred the characteristics of body parts to other active or inactive objects by some relevance. secondly, the extended meanings of "입" and "嘴, 口" had many characteristics of `attribute', which illustrated that body language, extended semantically through metaphor and metonymy into a state noun as an entity noun; Thirdly, many of the extended meanings of "嘴, 口" had the attribute meanings of "Classifier", which was about the fact that Chinese words were belonged to the semantic language. Key words:body language, semantic expansion, metaphor, metonymy, generality, heterosexuality, tendentiousness

body language, semantic expansion, metaphor, metonymy, generality, heterosexuality, tendentiousness