초록 열기/닫기 버튼
In order to understand why women tend to be under-nominated even though they are more likely to be elected compared to men in Taiwan, this study focuses on the nomination systems of two major political parties. The country provides a critical case of inter-party and intra-party comparison for women’s nomination, as the two major parties diverge in their practice of candidate selection. Further, the electoral reforms from the SNTV (Single Non-Transferable Vote) system to the SMD (Single-Member District) system have led parties to alter their strategies in selecting women candidates. With the nomination dataset compiled over the past 20 years, this study finds that more centralized nomination is more conducive to women’s candidacy, even under different electoral systems. Under the old SNTV system, the more centralized KMT (Kuomintang) nominated more women candidates than did the decentralized DPP (Democratic Progressive Party). Under the new SMD system, women’s representation as a whole actually increased in Taiwan, which runs contrary to the general expectation, compared to the multimember-district system and so the SMD tends to inhibit women’s representation. The growing centralization in the major parties after the electoral rule changed to the new system, has enhanced women’s candidacies, but the higher male incumbent advantage is a hurdle still to be overcome in the long term. This study argues that although electoral rules have altered the parameters of party competition, party nomination are critical factors for explaining changing women’s representation.
為何在台灣即使女性當選機率高於男性，但是女性被政黨提名的機率卻相對較低？回答這個問題，本研究關注在兩大主要政黨的提名制度。台灣的主要政黨在提名方法上存在很多差異與變化，可作為黨際與黨內比較的關鍵個案。此外，選舉制度從過去的複數選區單記不可讓渡投票制轉變為現行的單一選區多數決制，也影響了政黨在選擇女性候選人的策略考量。本研究搜集了過去二十年間主要政黨的提名資料庫，從中發現不論在何種選制下，政黨提名方式越是中央集權的政黨，對於女性候選越是有利。在舊制的複數選區多數決制下，提名方式相對較為中央集權的國民黨，相對於提名較為分權民主的民進黨，提名較多的女性候選人。而在現行的單一選區多數決下，女性代表比例顯著地提升，這和多數文獻主張單一選區多數決制不利於女性參選的預期相反。在單一選區多數決制下，兩黨提名方式趨同，皆朝向中央集權化，而這樣的提名方式有助於女性被提名。新選制之下的現任者優勢是女性參政長期要克服的障礙。整體而言，本研究主張，選制或有改變政黨競爭，然而政黨提名才是解釋女性代表的關鍵因素。
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
候選人提名方法, 政黨中央集權化, 民主化提名, 選舉制度, 台灣國會選舉
