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Purpose: To estimate long-term outcomes after treatment modification in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated withentecavir (ETV) and telbivudine (LdT). Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 131 nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)-naïve CHB patients treated with ETV or LdT. Duringthe 3-year study, NA treatment history including the incidence, the type of treatment modification, reasons for the modification,and overall complete virologic response (CVR) rate were retrospectively evaluated using the patients’ medical records. Results: Among the 131 patients, 84 and 47 were initially treated with ETV and LdT, respectively. During the course of 3-yearstudy, 82 patients in the ETV group (97.6%) maintained initial treatment whereas only 19 in the LdT group (40.4%). In the LdTgroup, 26 patients (92.9%) switched to another NA and another NA was added in 2 (7.1%) patients. An assessment of the CVR rateat 3 years, including treatment modification, showed that 89.3% and 95.7% of patients in the ETV and LdT groups, respectively,had undetectable serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels (p=0.329). Among LdT patients with treatment modification, the cumulativeincidence rate of a CVR for rescue therapy was significantly higher in the tenofovir than in the ETV group (p=0.009). Conclusion: During the 3-year study, there were no significant differences in the CVR between the ETV and LdT groups if appropriaterescue therapy was considered.
