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This study aims to explain the process of understanding the word problem from the viewpoint of ‘grammatical metaphor’. For this purpose, we reviewed previous studies on word problem and grammatical metaphor, and analyzed word problems based on them. As a result, we confirmed that the grammatical metaphor mediates the representation transformation from verbal expression to a mathematical formula, and confirmed that word problem can be typed based on the use of grammatical metaphors. In addition, it is confirmed that the process of converting the word problem is subtyped as ‘a type in which the conversion takes place in the text’ and ‘a type in which the conversion is performed by the interaction between the inside and the outside of the text’. This study is significant in that it suggests a way to approach the understanding of word problem which has been rarely dealt with in the text linguistics. The question of whether the grammatical metaphor can be a mediator in the process of understanding word problem should be discussed through empirical studies based on the actual performance of the learners in the future