초록 열기/닫기 버튼
二〇〇五年に韓国語翻訳が刊行されながら二年後の二〇〇七年に在米韓国人社会と韓国社会で問題視され、ついには出版社自ら刊行を中止したヨ-コ・カワシマ(Yoko Kawashima)の『竹林はるか遠く』(原題『So Far From The Bamboo Grove』)に関して内在的な分析を試みた研究はあまり存在しない。本稿では、小説のなかの＇事実＇検証や作家の “歴史認識”検証に集中しがちだったこれまでの研究とは違ったテキスト中心の内在分析を試みた。『竹林はるか遠く』において「共産主義者」が批判対象になっているのは冷戦体制という時代的限界の産物であり、朝鮮の羅南にあった「竹林」は ＜朝鮮＞ではなく<家族の家>の象徴＝日本を象徴するものとして在朝日本人の家族主義・家父長制意識・国家主義を露にしてもいる。 後半で強調される<朝鮮人>批判は<男性>だったはずの加害者が<朝鮮人>と表象された結果であり、『竹林はるか遠く』がもうひとつの民族記憶＝集団記憶としての対抗記憶に出あってしまったのは、そうした構造的弱点が作ったことでもあった。 さらに『竹林はるか遠く』は、被害者となった引揚者たちの体験を描いていながらも別の被害者との連帯や共感よりは強者志向が目立つ。「祖国」に対する志向も、そうした中心志向の結果だった。『竹林はるか遠く』が作家の意図と違って<平和>メッセージであることを目指しながらも普遍性を確保しなかった理由はそこにある。本稿は、日韓の論者たちの表層的な非難と擁護を乗り越えて、昨今マンネリ化の傾向を見せているポストコロニアル批評の新たな視座を示そうとした。
Up to now, almost no one has attempted an internal analysis of 『So far from the bamboo ｇrove』(Korean Title:『The Story of Yoko』) by Yoko Kawashima, which was banned in 2007 because the Korean and the Korean-American society raised questions about it. The present study, unlike the previous studies focusing on the verification of facts or historical perception, tries a text-oriented internal analysis. The fact that `communists' are a target of accusation in 『The Story of Yoko』 is no other than the result of the limitation of the cold-war generation. And the `bamboo grove' in Nanam, Chosun symbolizes not `Chosun' but `a house of families', denoting familism/paternalism/statism of Japanese residents in Chosun. The accusation of `people of Chosun' that the later part of the novel emphasizes is none other than a result of that `male perpetrator' is expressed through `Chosun man perpetrator'. Thus, it is due to its structural weakness that 『The Story of Yoko』 encounters counter collective memories of another ethnic group. Furthermore, though this novel describes the experiences of weak returnees, the orientation toward the strong is more conspicuous than the solidarity and sympathy with the weak. For these reasons, 『The Story of Yoko』, though it aims for `language of peace, has not gained universality. The present study, which overcomes the superficial accusation and advocacy of both Japanese and Korean critics, presents a new direction of post colonial criticism.
2005년에 번역본이 발간되었지만 2007년에 재미교포사회와 한국에서 문제시되어 판매금지된 『요코이야기』(원제『Far from Bamboo grove』)에 관한 내재적 분석을 시도한 연구는 현재까지 거의 존재하지 않는다. 본고는 작품 속에 나타난 이른바 “사실”검증이나 “역사인식”검증에 치중되었던 기존연구를 넘어, 텍스트 중심의 내재적분석을 시도하였다. 『요코이야기』에서 ＇공산주의자＇가 비판대상이 되고 있는 것은 냉전체제라는 시대적 한계의 결과물이라 할 수 있고, 조선 땅 나남에 있던「대나무숲」은 <조선>이 아니라 <가족들의 집>의 상징이 되어, 재조일본인들의 가족주의/가부장주의/국가주의를 드러내 보여주고 있다. 후반에서 강조되는 <조선인> 비판은 <남성>가해자가 <조선인>가해자로 표상된 결과였고, 『요코이야기』가 또다른 민족적 집단기억으로서의 대항기억을 만날 수 밖에 없었던 것은, 그러한 구조적 약점이 만든 것이라고 할 수 있다.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Identity politics, Colletive memory, Nationalism
