초록 열기/닫기 버튼
본고는 한강의 단편 소설들을 생태문학의 관점에서 고찰함으로써 한강의 문학세계를 조명하고자 하였다. 한강은 여러 작품에서 남성 중심의 지배담론과 이분법적 세계관에 대한 거부를 넘어 잃어버린 생명력과 창조성의 회복, 상호 공생하는 세계로의 방향성을 제시하며 작가 자신의 생태적 사유를 보여주고 있다. 한강의 작품 속에는 인물들이 떠나온 장소이자 동경하는 공간으로서의 자연이 상징적으로 등장한다. 작품 속 인물들은 자신이 속한 실재적 세계를 넘어 이상향인 자연적 공간으로 나아가고자 한다. 그리고 이러한 공간적 전이의 과정을 통해 자기 인식에 도달하며 자신의 정체성을 형성하고 발전시킨다. 또한 이들은 대립 관계에 있던 타자를 이해하고 포용함으로써 서로간의 경계를 허물며 삶의 외연을 넓고 부드럽게 만든다. 나아가 자연과의 교접을 통해 생명력과 활력, 적극성을 회복하고자 한다. 요컨대 한강의 작품 속 인물들의 자연에 대한 동경과 자연친화적인 태도는 자연과 융화되는 인간의 삶을 희구하는 생태적 이념에 충실한 것임을 알 수 있다. 한강은 여성과 자연이 배제됨으로써 초래된 삶의 비정상성을 일깨워줄 뿐만 아니라 우리가 잃어버린, 그러나 회복해야 할 가치를 환기한다. 그것은 모든 생태계가 균형을 이루고 상호연관을 맺는 협동의 윤리적 관계이다. 따라서 한강의 소설은 모든 생태계의 조화로운 공존을 통해 평화적 공동체를 구축하고자 하는 생태문학에 맞닿아 있다고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 한강의 소설에서 생태의식을 읽어내는 것은 작가의 문학에 대한 새롭고 다양한 가치 탐색을 위해 의미 있는 연구일 것이다. 또한 작가의 문학정신을 세밀히 규명해 내는 일이자 생태문학의 지평을 넓히는 작업이라는 점에서 그 의의를 가진다고 하겠다.
The purpose of this study was to shed light onto Han Kang's literary world by examining her short stories from the perspective of ecological literature. Since her debut as a writer, she has continued to show her own ecological thinking by proposing the restoration of lost life force and creativity and the directionality toward the world of mutual symbiosis beyond her rejection of male-dominant dichotomous world view and ruling discourses. The ecological consciousness in her novels can be summarized in three aspects as follows: First, her works present nature symbolically as a place that the characters leave and also a space they yearn for. The space, which is specified as the country house where the character stayed as a kid, the mountain in dreams, and the sea near the accommodation, functions as a natural space to embody an ecological world as the source of life beyond the role as a simple background. Her characters strive to move toward a utopia of natural space beyond the actual world where they belong. It is in this process of spatial transition that they reach the state of self-awareness and form and develop their identity. Nature is a spiritual base and ecological place to grant life force to them. Secondly, the characters in her novels get hurt in their relationships with others, but they try to heal their wounds by understanding and embracing others. When they learn the true meaning of love for others, they not only change their attitude toward them, but also look at the world differently, which is profoundly related to the self-realization of deep ecology, which argues that all human beings make spiritual growth when making mutual relations with others. Nature and man become one through the greater maturity and growth of ego. Finally, her novels depict the ways women escape from their painful life by becoming one with nature after being suppressed and confined by the desolate urban civilization and the tyranny of patriarchy. Women exhaust their life force in solitude, wound, and cessation of communication and restore their life force, vitality, and initiative after making a contact with nature. Their feminine principle helps to maintain all creatures in nature and society and create a space to enrich them. In short, the characters' longing for nature and nature-friendly attitude in Han Kang's works are loyal to the ecological idea of wishing for a life of man in harmony with nature. The writer also wakes her readers up to the abnormality of life caused by the exclusion of women and nature and arouses their attention to the values that people have lost and should restore. It is an ethical relation of cooperation in which all creatures are in balance and make connections with one another. Ecological literature tries to establish a peaceful community through the harmonious coexistence of the entire ecosystem including man and nature. Her novels are thus in contact with ecological literature to awake readers' ecological consciousness and pursue an ecological world view. An effort to read ecological consciousness in Han Kang's novels will be a meaningful research for an inquiry into her new and diverse values about literature. It will be also a significant attempt to examine her literary spirit closely and broaden the horizon of ecological literature.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Han Kang, ecological space, new ethical relation, harmony with nature, recovery of life force, recovery of feminine principle
