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This paper examines dynamics of competition between Muslim and Christian communities in the Indonesian Archipelago over the sixteenth to twenty-first centuries. This period covers the initial intrusion of Christian missionary and European imperial interests into a maritime world that had become increasingly dominated by Muslim networks over the later medieval period. Looking at these changing cross-confessional interactions over a distended period of time facilitates some deeper perspective on the social, cultural, and political effects of inter-communal religious competition. This, I argue, can in turn help us to move beyond some of the potential analytic pitfalls that are increasingly recognized as compromising the utility of the kind of religious market and choice theories that have largely shaped studies of competition and innovation in the sociology of religion.
