초록 열기/닫기 버튼
受動構文は現代言語学において最も研究がすすんでいる構文の一つであり、記述的・類型論的・機能的・認知的・理論的・歴史的な視点から議論がなされてきた。日本語の受動構文(および関連構文)の先行研究も多いが、通言語的タイプ分けという観点から集中的に日本語の受動構文を扱った研究はあまりない。本稿では、まず、直接受動と間接受動(および持ち主の受け身)という伝統的な区分を取り上げ、類型論的な視点も踏まえて検討を加える。次に、他言語のヴォイス構文を取り上げ、日本語受動構文の研究には(方言も視野に入れた)類型論的視座が必要であると論じる。具体的には、絶対受動・逆行構文・逆使役などを取り上げる。以上の議論を通して、通言語的な視点から日本語の受動構文をヴォイス体系に位置づけるための土台を提供する。
A number of studies have been conducted on passives from diverse points of view (e.g. descriptive, typological, functional, cognitive, theoretical, historical). There is a wealth of previous works on Japanese passives, but serious attention has been rarely paid to the issue of how Japanese passives may be characterized in cross-linguistic perspective. In this article, we first survey the commonly assumed classifications of Japanese passives as well as a number of properties of each type of passive construction against the research outcome of typological studies on passives. Furthermore, we consider voice constructions which have not been fully investigated in the literature on Japanese passives (such as absolute passives, inverse constructions, and anti-passives), with the purposes of clarifying whether these constructions are observed in Japanese and emphasizing that an adequate analysis of Japanese passives should incorporate insights from typological work (including grammatical studies of Japanese dialects). Through the present survey, we provide a basis for situating Japanese passives in the context of voice constructions in cross-linguistic perspective.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
voice, active construction, passive construction, adversity
보이스, 능동 구문, 수동 구문, 피해적 요소
