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To evaluate the effects of the surgical assistant’s level of resident training on operation time and surgicaloutcome in the surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia. Methods: This study included 456 patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent lateral rectus recessionand medial rectus resection and were followed up for 24 months after surgery. The patients were divided intotwo groups according to the surgical assistant’s level of resident training: group F (surgery assisted by a firstyearresident [n = 198]) and group S (surgery assisted by a second-, third-, or fourth-year resident [n = 258]). The operation time and surgical outcomes (postoperative exodeviation and the number of patients who underwenta second operation) were compared between the two groups. Results: The average operation times in groups F and S were 36.54 ± 7.4 and 37.34 ± 9.94 minutes, respectively(p = 0.33). Immediate postoperative exodeviation was higher in group F (0.79 ± 3.82 prism diopters) than ingroup S (0.38 ± 3.75 prism diopters). However, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significantdifference in exodeviation between the two groups during the 24-month follow-up period (p = 0.45). A secondoperation was performed in 29.3% (58 / 198) of the patients in group F, and in 32.2% (83 / 258) of those ingroup S (p = 0.51). Conclusions: No significant difference in operation time was observed when we compared the effects of thelevel of resident training in the surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia. Although the immediate postoperativeexodeviation was higher in patients who had undergone surgery assisted by a first-year resident, the surgicaloutcome during the 24-month follow-up was not significantly different.
