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西晋文人社会地位普遍不高，他们或如左思出身贫贱，不被世人所重；或如“二陆”乃东吴降人，被中原人轻视。文学团体之外，西晋还存在一个热衷玄谈的群落，其参与者大多是世家大族兼文化领袖的王戎、王衍、裴楷、乐广等人，但该群落罕有文学作品传世。这意味着文学与玄学两种文化在西晋一朝是对立的，对立的根源是不同政治阶层围绕文化高地、乃至朝廷选官权力的斗争：世族垄断了玄学这一主流文化，并由此掌控了人物评价标准和选官权力；贾谧等新兴权势阶层则积极笼络出身低微的文学之士，在文化方面试图借助文章建立新的用人标准，争取选官权力。二十四友便是新兴势族团结庶族的产物。而不同阶层文化属性的差异是西晋未能产生玄言诗的根本原因。
Scholars of the Western Jin Dynasty were not as esteemed as their poems. Some of them had been born of poverty and were neglected，such as Zuo Si; others such as Lu Ji and Lu Yun, defects from the Wu Kingdom, were discriminated by the Zhong Yuan people at that time. Except literary societies, there were communities keen on metaphysics during that time, most of whom were clans and literary leaders such as Wang Rong, Wang Yan, Pei Kai, and Yue Guang. But this class left with few works. It can be inferred that literature and metaphysics are two conflicting cultures rooted in the strife between different classes for government positions. Metaphysics pursuers were representatives of nobilities and attempted to dominate culture and authorities to evaluate and select government officials. New class representatives such as Jia Mi, on the other hand, tried to consolidate the multitude, gain reputation with their poems, and resist suppression by the noble class. The “Er Shi Si You” is the likewise outcome of consolidation of new class members and the multitude. Otherwise, differences in cultural characteristics were the cause of Western Jin’s failure to develop metaphysical poetry.
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Dynasties of Han & Jin, Peaceful Debate, Literature, Er Shi Si You, Politics
